Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie, Hôpital Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Feb;108(2):437-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04433.x. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis of machinists associated with metalworking fluids (MWF) was recently linked to Mycobacterium immunogenum. In addition to Mycobacterium, impacts of continuous and massive contact to other micro-organisms, such as Pseudomonas, were little studied. This report intended to quantify and characterize the microbial load of 44 in-use MWF.
The main biodiversity of MWF was assessed using cultural methods, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Total bacteria concentrations ranged from undetectable to 10(9) 16S rRNA gene copies per millilitre. Concentrations obtained by qPCR were up to five orders of magnitude higher than by culture, suggesting that MWF contamination is generally underestimated. Two samples showed high concentrations of Myco. immunogenum (1.55 x 10(7) and 3.49 x 10(5) 16S rRNA gene copies per millilitre). The overall biodiversity was low, as observed by culture and DGGE, and was comparable to data found in the literature. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes was by far the main bacteria found in MWF samples (33 out of 44), followed by Ochrobactrum anthropi (32 out of 44). There was no significant relationship between the biodiversity profiles and the kind of MWF or equipment used, making it difficult to predict which micro-organisms will colonize each particular MWF.
Very high concentrations of bacteria were found in most MWF studied and limited biodiversities were observed. Many species of micro-organisms were retrieved from MWF samples, but they were mostly colonized by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Ochrobactrum anthropi.
The major micro-organisms observed or recovered in this study from in-use MWF were present in very high concentrations, and thus further studies are needed to confirm their role in workers' respiratory disorders or health-related problems.
最近，与金属加工液（MWF）相关的机械师的过敏性肺炎与分枝杆菌免疫原有关。除了分枝杆菌外，连续和大量接触其他微生物（如假单胞菌）的影响也很少研究。本报告旨在定量和表征 44 种在用 MWF 的微生物负荷。
使用培养方法、定量 PCR（qPCR）和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）评估了 MWF 的主要生物多样性。总细菌浓度范围从无法检测到每毫升 10(9) 16S rRNA 基因拷贝。qPCR 获得的浓度比培养高五个数量级，表明 MWF 污染通常被低估。两个样品显示出高浓度的分枝杆菌免疫原（每毫升 1.55 x 10(7) 和 3.49 x 10(5) 16S rRNA 基因拷贝）。通过培养和 DGGE 观察到的总体生物多样性较低，与文献中的数据相当。假单胞菌是迄今为止在 MWF 样品中发现的主要细菌（44 个样品中有 33 个），其次是奥尔森氏菌（44 个样品中有 32 个）。MWF 或使用的设备种类与生物多样性图谱之间没有显著关系，因此难以预测哪些微生物会定植每种特定的 MWF。
在所研究的大多数 MWF 中发现了非常高浓度的细菌，并且观察到的生物多样性有限。从 MWF 样品中回收了许多种微生物，但主要是假单胞菌和奥尔森氏菌。
从本研究中观察到或从在用 MWF 中回收的主要微生物以非常高的浓度存在，因此需要进一步研究以确认它们在工人呼吸障碍或与健康相关问题中的作用。
