Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jan 27;140(3-4):266-70. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.020. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
Herpesviruses are highly host specific and share a long synchronous evolution with their hosts. Only in rare cases, species barriers fall and allow animal to human or human to animal transmission. Among the zoonotic herpesviruses, Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 is the most significant and can be transmitted from macaques to human. Conversely, Human herpesvirus 1 is capable of causing severe disease in primates. Besides those two examples, there are several herpesviruses with a certainly limited or only suspected ability to cross species barriers. Those include Saimiriine herpesvirus 2, Phocid herpesvirus 2, Equid herpesvirus 1, Epstein-Barr Virus, Marek's disease virus, and Pseudorabies virus. Concerning xenotransplantations, porcine gammaherpesviruses must be considered as a zoonotic threat.
疱疹病毒具有高度的宿主特异性，并与其宿主同步进化了很长时间。只有在极少数情况下，物种屏障才会被打破，允许动物向人类或人类向动物传播。在人畜共患疱疹病毒中，食蟹猴疱疹病毒 1 是最重要的一种，可由猕猴传播给人类。相反，人类疱疹病毒 1 能够在灵长类动物中引起严重疾病。除了这两个例子，还有几种疱疹病毒具有一定程度的或仅被怀疑的跨越物种屏障的能力。其中包括松鼠猴疱疹病毒 2、海豹疱疹病毒 2、马疱疹病毒 1、EB 病毒、马立克氏病病毒和伪狂犬病病毒。在异种移植方面，猪γ疱疹病毒必须被视为一种人畜共患病威胁。
