Harris Elizabeth, Harris Mark F
Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Med J Aust. 2009 Jul 20;191(2):119-22. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02709.x.
To identify potentially effective strategies to be used in the primary health care (PHC) setting to prevent, detect and manage the health problems of unemployed people.
A narrative review of articles on PHC-based interventions for unemployed people that were published during the period January 1985 to February 2009.
Seven articles with a focus on improving the health of unemployed people through assessment, management and referral within PHC settings were identified. Four were based in Australia, and the others were from Canada and Europe. Most described interventions that incorporated strategies aimed at increasing general practitioners' awareness of the health problems of unemployed people and providing guidance on the management of these problems. One article included an evaluation of the impact of the intervention on health and social outcomes, but no impact was shown.
There have been few formal scientific investigations into the effectiveness of PHC-based interventions for unemployed people. GPs and other community health workers have a central role in preventing, and providing early management of, the health problems of unemployed people, and supporting return to work. People who are unemployed have poorer physical and mental health than those who are employed. Research should move from describing these health problems to developing interventions that are subject to rigorous evaluation.
确定在初级卫生保健环境中可用于预防、发现和管理失业人员健康问题的潜在有效策略。
对1985年1月至2009年2月期间发表的关于以初级卫生保健为基础的针对失业人员干预措施的文章进行叙述性综述。
确定了7篇重点关注通过初级卫生保健环境中的评估、管理和转诊来改善失业人员健康状况的文章。其中4篇来自澳大利亚，其他来自加拿大和欧洲。大多数文章描述的干预措施包含旨在提高全科医生对失业人员健康问题认识并就这些问题的管理提供指导的策略。有一篇文章对干预措施对健康和社会结果的影响进行了评估，但未显示出有影响。
针对以初级卫生保健为基础的针对失业人员干预措施的有效性，几乎没有进行过正式的科学调查。全科医生和其他社区卫生工作者在预防和早期管理失业人员的健康问题以及支持其重返工作岗位方面发挥着核心作用。失业人员的身心健康状况比就业人员差。研究应从描述这些健康问题转向开发经过严格评估的干预措施。
