Campylobacter avium sp. nov., a hippurate-positive species isolated from poultry.

Three strains of an unusual hippurate-positive Campylobacter species were isolated at 37 degrees C from caecal contents of broiler chickens and a turkey. All strains were initially identified as Campylobacter by means of genus-specific PCR, but none was further identified using specific PCRs for known thermophilic species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and groEL gene sequences revealed that these strains formed a robust clade distinct from other Campylobacter species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and whole-cell protein electrophoresis were subsequently carried out and confirmed the divergence between the avian strains and other taxa. These data indicate that the unidentified Campylobacter strains belong to a novel taxon which could be distinguished from other campylobacters through its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The name Campylobacter avium sp. nov., is proposed for the novel species, with the type strain 86/06T (=LMG 24591T=CCUG 56292T).