Shapiro Jenessa R, Ackerman Joshua M, Neuberg Steven L, Maner Jon K, Vaughn Becker D, Kenrick Douglas T
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1563, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Oct;35(10):1356-67. doi: 10.1177/0146167209339627. Epub 2009 Jul 21.
Does seeing a scowling face change your impression of the next person you see? Does this depend on the race of the two people? Across four studies, White participants evaluated neutrally expressive White males as less threatening when they followed angry (relative to neutral) White faces; Black males were not judged as less threatening following angry Black faces. This lack of threat-anchored contrast for Black male faces is not attributable to a general tendency for White targets to homogenize Black males-neutral Black targets following smiling Black faces were contrasted away from them and seen as less friendly-and emerged only for perceivers low in motivation to respond without prejudice (i.e., for those relatively comfortable responding prejudicially). This research provides novel evidence for the overperception of threat in Black males.
看到一张怒容满面的脸会改变你对接下来看到的人的印象吗？这是否取决于两人的种族？在四项研究中，白人参与者在看到愤怒（相对于中性表情）的白人面孔后，会认为表情中性的白人男性威胁性较小；而看到愤怒的黑人面孔后，黑人男性并不会被认为威胁性较小。对于黑人男性面孔缺乏这种以威胁为锚定的对比，并非归因于白人对象将黑人男性同质化的普遍倾向——看到微笑的黑人面孔后，中性的黑人对象会被视为不那么友好而与他们形成对比——这种情况只出现在那些缺乏无偏见回应动机的感知者身上（即那些相对容易产生偏见回应的人）。这项研究为黑人男性威胁感知过度提供了新的证据。
