Ackerman Joshua M, Kenrick Douglas T
Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2008 May;12(2):118-40. doi: 10.1177/1088868308315700.
Social living provides opportunities for cooperative interdependence and concomitant opportunities to obtain help from others in times of need. Nevertheless, people frequently refuse help from others, even when it would be beneficial. Decisions to accept or reject aid offers may provide a window into the adaptive trade-offs recipients make between costs and benefits in different key domains of social life. Following from evolutionary and ecological perspectives, we consider how help-recipient decision making might reflect qualitatively different threats to goal attainment within six fundamental domains of social life (coalition formation, status, self-protection, mate acquisition, mate retention, and familial care). Accepting help from another person is likely to involve very different threats and opportunities depending on which domains are currently active. This approach can generate a variety of novel empirical predictions and suggest new implications for the delivery of aid.
社会生活为合作性相互依存提供了机会，同时也带来了在需要时从他人那里获得帮助的机会。然而，人们常常拒绝他人的帮助，即使这种帮助会带来益处。接受或拒绝援助提议的决定可能为受助者在社会生活不同关键领域中成本与收益之间进行适应性权衡提供了一个窗口。从进化和生态的角度出发，我们思考受助者的决策如何可能反映在社会生活六个基本领域（联盟形成、地位、自我保护、配偶获取、配偶保留和家庭照料）中对目标达成的性质不同的威胁。根据当前活跃的领域不同，接受他人的帮助可能涉及截然不同的威胁和机会。这种方法可以产生各种新颖的实证预测，并为援助的提供提出新的启示。
