López Pérez Gerardo, Morfín Maciel Blanca María, Huerta López José, Mejía Covarrubias Francisco, López López Jorge, Aguilar Gustavo, Rivera Pérez José Luis, López Medina Leobardo, Vargas Florencia
Estudio patrocinado por la Fundación Mexicana para el Estudio y Divulgación de las Enfermedades Alérgicas.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2009 May-Jun;56(3):72-9.
There is a considerable variation in the prevalence of allergic disorders in developing countries. These differences may be attributable to different methodological problems and to the lack of operational definitions. Several studies suggest that the prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing worldwide in recent years. However, in Mexico, there is no data in open population.
To know in open population the prevalence of allergic diseases in the counties of Mexico City, the frequence of symptoms in each allergic disease, the therapeutic modalities that patients seek, the school and work annual absences and the amount of money that each patient spends in antiallergic drugs.
It was an open-population, cross-sectional trial, in two phases with a random sample size of 8,000 individuals from 214 public health centers. Statistical analysis was made with Excel 97-2004: Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-square-test for discrete variables, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The prevalence of allergic diseases in Mexico City was 42.6%, allergic rhinitis was the most frequent. Children are the largest age group affected. The highest prevalence was found in Tlahuac county. Coexistence of allergic diseases was found in 19.9%. The 44.2% of allergic patients attended to their general practitioner. 20.4% of all patients spent 10-20% of their income in medicines and 26% do not have money to buy antiallergic drugs. School and work annual absences are 3.37 +/- 3.86 and 6.2 +/- 12.84 days, respectively.
Allergic diseases must be considered a public-health problem in Mexico City.
发展中国家过敏性疾病的患病率存在相当大的差异。这些差异可能归因于不同的方法学问题以及缺乏操作性定义。多项研究表明，近年来过敏性疾病在全球范围内的患病率一直在上升。然而，在墨西哥，尚无公开人群的数据。
了解墨西哥城各县公开人群中过敏性疾病的患病率、每种过敏性疾病的症状频率、患者寻求的治疗方式、学校和工作的年度缺勤情况以及每位患者在抗组胺药物上的花费金额。
这是一项公开人群的横断面试验，分两个阶段进行，从214个公共卫生中心随机抽取8000名个体作为样本。使用Excel 97 - 2004进行统计分析：连续变量采用曼 - 惠特尼U检验，离散变量采用卡方检验，p < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
墨西哥城过敏性疾病的患病率为42.6%，过敏性鼻炎最为常见。儿童是受影响最大的年龄组。在特拉瓦克县发现患病率最高。发现19.9%的患者存在多种过敏性疾病共存的情况。44.2%的过敏患者咨询了他们的全科医生。20.4%的所有患者在药品上花费了其收入的10 - 20%，26%的患者没钱购买抗组胺药物。学校和工作的年度缺勤天数分别为3.37 +/- 3.86天和6.2 +/- 12.84天。
在墨西哥城，过敏性疾病必须被视为一个公共卫生问题。
