Grau Martín Armand, Flichtentrei Daniel, Suñer Rosa, Prats María, Braga Florencia
Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Girona.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2009 Mar-Apr;83(2):215-30. doi: 10.1590/s1135-57272009000200006.
Burnout syndrome is related to cultural and individual factors. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of burnout and the scores for its three components with the perceptions and the demographic and professional characteristics of the workers.
Burnout syndrome was studied in 11,530 Hispanic Americans and Spanish healthcare professionals (51% male, mean age 41.7 years). The Maslach Burnout Inventory and a previously drawn up questionnaire were administered online from the Intramed website from December 2006 to September 2007. Associations were tested using multiple logistic regression.
The frequency of burnout in professionals resident in Spain was 14.9%, in Argentina 14.4%, and in Uruguay 7.9% whereas professionals in Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Columbia, Uruguay, Guatemala and El Salvador presented frequencies of burnout of between 2.5% and 5.9%. By professions, doctors had a prevalence of burnout of 12.1%, nurses 7.2%, and dentists, psychologists and nutritionists of <6%. Amongst doctors, burnout predominated amongst doctors working in emergency departments (17%) and internal medicine departments (15.5%) whereas anaesthetists and dermatologists had the lowest prevalence (5% and 5.3%, respectively). Older age (OR=0.96), having children (OR=0.93), the perception of feeling valued (OR=0.53), optimism (OR=0.80), job satisfaction (OR=0.80), and satisfaction with salary (OR=0.91) are variables which protect against burnout.
The expression of burnout varies among nations and professions. Age (older age), having children, the perception of feeling valued, optimism, job satisfaction and satisfaction with salary are protective variables of burnout.
职业倦怠综合征与文化和个体因素有关。本研究的目的是比较职业倦怠的发生率及其三个组成部分的得分与工作人员的认知、人口统计学和职业特征。
对11530名西班牙裔美国人和西班牙医疗保健专业人员（51%为男性，平均年龄41.7岁）进行职业倦怠综合征研究。2006年12月至2007年9月，通过Intramed网站在线发放马氏职业倦怠量表和一份预先编制的问卷。使用多元逻辑回归测试相关性。
居住在西班牙的专业人员职业倦怠发生率为14.9%，阿根廷为14.4%，乌拉圭为7.9%，而墨西哥、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、哥伦比亚、乌拉圭、危地马拉和萨尔瓦多的专业人员职业倦怠发生率在2.5%至5.9%之间。按职业划分，医生的职业倦怠患病率为12.1%，护士为7.2%，牙医、心理学家和营养师的患病率<6%。在医生中，急诊科医生（17%）和内科医生（15.5%）的职业倦怠最为普遍，而麻醉师和皮肤科医生的患病率最低（分别为5%和5.3%）。年龄较大（OR=0.96）、有孩子（OR=0.93）、感觉被重视（OR=0.53）、乐观（OR=0.80）、工作满意度（OR=0.80）和对薪资的满意度（OR=0.91）是预防职业倦怠的变量。
职业倦怠的表现因国家和职业而异。年龄（较大）、有孩子、感觉被重视、乐观、工作满意度和对薪资的满意度是职业倦怠的保护变量。
