Merino-Plaza Maria-Jose, Carrera-Hueso Francisco-Javier, Arribas-Boscá Nuria, Martínez-Asensi Amparo, Vázquez-Ferreiro Pedro, Vargas-Morales Alberto, Fikri-Benbrahim Narjis
Hospital Doctor Moliner, Valencia, España.
Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
Cad Saude Publica. 2018 Nov 23;34(11):e00189217. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00189217.
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychosocial risks and burnout syndrome in a long-stay hospital in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017, applying the Spanish version of the MBI-HSS and the F-Psico 3.1 questionnaire of Spain's National Institute of Work Safety and Health. The predictive variables were sociodemographic characteristics, modulators, and psychosocial risk factors. The outcome variables were prevalence of burnout and the effects on his subscales. Associations between variables were measured by odds ratio. Burnout was directly associated with psychosocial risks related to workload, psychological demands, participation/supervision, role performance and social support, and consumption of anxiolytics. Meanwhile, protective factors were having children, feeling valued by patients and coworkers, satisfaction at work, optimism, and social support. The associations found on depersonalization were similar but weaker. Low personal fulfillment was directly associated with the psychosocial risks related to length of workweek, limited autonomy and variety/content of work, and role performance and social support. Low personal fulfillment was the subscale with the most modulating and protective sociodemographic variables included marital status, children, night shift, feeling valued by patients and family members, social support, self-efficacy, and optimism. According to our results, there is an association between psychosocial risks and burnout syndrome. Individuals with greater work satisfaction, self-efficacy, and optimism cope better with stress and are less vulnerable to psychosocial risks and burnout.
本研究旨在评估西班牙一家长期住院医院中社会心理风险与倦怠综合征之间的关系。2017年开展了一项横断面研究，应用了西班牙版的MBI-HSS和西班牙国家职业安全与健康研究所的F-Psico 3.1问卷。预测变量为社会人口学特征、调节因素和社会心理风险因素。结果变量为倦怠的患病率及其对各子量表的影响。变量之间的关联通过比值比进行衡量。倦怠与与工作量、心理需求、参与/监督、角色表现和社会支持以及抗焦虑药物使用相关的社会心理风险直接相关。同时，保护因素包括有子女、得到患者和同事重视、工作满意度、乐观情绪和社会支持。在去个性化方面发现的关联相似但较弱。个人成就感低与与工作周时长、自主权有限以及工作的多样性/内容、角色表现和社会支持相关的社会心理风险直接相关。个人成就感低是包含婚姻状况、子女、夜班、得到患者和家庭成员重视、社会支持、自我效能感和乐观情绪等调节和保护作用最强的社会人口学变量的子量表。根据我们的结果，社会心理风险与倦怠综合征之间存在关联。工作满意度、自我效能感和乐观情绪较高的个体应对压力的能力更强，更不易受到社会心理风险和倦怠的影响。
