中国艾滋病医护人员职业倦怠的患病率及相关因素：一项横断面研究。
Prevalence and factors associated with occupational burnout among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Qiao Zhengxue, Chen Lu, Chen Mingqi, Guan Xin, Wang Lin, Jiao Yang, Yang Jiarun, Tang Qinghua, Yang Xiuxian, Qiu Xiaohui, Han Dong, Ma Jingsong, Yang Yanjie, Zhai Xiuwei
机构信息
Department of Medical Psychology, Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Apr 14;16:335. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2890-7.
BACKGROUND
Burnout is a psychosomatic syndrome characterized by three dimensions (emotional exhaustion [EE], feelings of depersonalization [DP], and reduced personal accomplishment [PA]). We determined the prevalence of burnout and mental health status between HIV/AIDS healthcare workers and other healthcare workers, and determined the factors associated with burnout of HIV/AIDS healthcare workers.
METHODS
All participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The participants were recruited from the departments of infectious diseases in four hospitals which treated HIV/AIDS. The questionnaire included demographics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ).
RESULTS
A total of 512 questionnaires were distributed; 501 questionnaires were completed and collected (the response rate was 97.9 %). After eliminating nine invalid questionnaires (1.80 %), 264 physicians and nurses caring for HIV/AIDS and 228 physicians and nurses caring for other infectious diseases provided valid responses (98.2 %). The HIV/AIDS healthcare workers' scores on the emotional exhaustion (F = 6.350, p = 0.012) and depersonalization dimensions (F = 8.533, p = 0.004) were significantly higher than other healthcare workers. The HIV/AIDS healthcare workers had higher total scores and positive items on the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) compared with other healthcare workers. Low job satisfaction, serious somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, poor quality of sleep, high psychoticism scores, and use of negative coping styles were frequently associated with burnout.
CONCLUSIONS
Burnout was shown to be highly prevalent in HIV/AIDS healthcare workers, 76.9 % of whom met the accepted criteria for burnout. In addition, compared with other healthcare workers, HIV/AIDS healthcare workers experienced lower levels of psychological health. Interventions should be targeted at reducing the occurrence of burnout and alleviating psychological pressure amongst HIV/AIDS healthcare workers.
背景
职业倦怠是一种心身综合征，其特征包括三个维度（情感耗竭[EE]、去人格化[DP]和个人成就感降低[PA]）。我们确定了艾滋病医护人员与其他医护人员之间职业倦怠的患病率和心理健康状况，并确定了与艾滋病医护人员职业倦怠相关的因素。
方法
所有参与者均被要求完成一份自填式问卷。参与者来自四家收治艾滋病患者的医院的感染科。问卷包括人口统计学信息、马氏职业倦怠量表通用版（MBI-GS）、症状自评量表90（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）和特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）。
结果
共发放问卷512份；回收并完成501份问卷（回复率为97.9%）。剔除9份无效问卷（1.80%）后，264名护理艾滋病患者的医护人员和228名护理其他传染病患者的医护人员提供了有效回复（98.2%）。艾滋病医护人员在情感耗竭维度（F = 6.350，p = 0.012）和去人格化维度（F = 8.533，p = 0.004）的得分显著高于其他医护人员。与其他医护人员相比，艾滋病医护人员在症状自评量表90（SCL-90）上总分及阳性项目得分更高。工作满意度低、严重躯体化、人际敏感、睡眠质量差、精神质得分高以及采用消极应对方式常与职业倦怠相关。
结论
职业倦怠在艾滋病医护人员中高度流行，其中76.9%的人符合职业倦怠的公认标准。此外，与其他医护人员相比，艾滋病医护人员的心理健康水平较低。应采取干预措施，以减少艾滋病医护人员职业倦怠的发生并减轻其心理压力。
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