Agudelo-Suárez Andrés A, Ronda-Pérez Elena, Gil-González Diana, González-Zapata Laura I, Regidor Enrique
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2009 Mar-Apr;83(2):331-7. doi: 10.1590/s1135-57272009000200015.
Association between immigration and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB) is an important indicator of health inequalities. The objective of this study is to analyse the differences between LBW and PB according to the mothers nationality in newborns in Spain.
Data were provided from the National Statistical Bulletin of Birth of 1,878,718 newborns in the period 2001-2005. The nationality was considered the exposure variable (Spanish- Immigrant). The outcomes were LBW (< 2,500 gr and >or=37 gestational weeks) and PB (< 37 gestational weeks). Odds ratios were calculated and adjusted by possible confounders by logistic regression.
PB and LBW prevalence were higher in Spanish women (7.9% and 3.2% respectively). In comparison with Spanish ones, the lowest risk of PB was observed in North Africa (ORa= 0.77 CI95% 0.74-0.80). With respect to LBW, the lowest risk was found in mothers from South America (ORa=0.62 CI95% 0.59-0.65) and Eastern Europe (ORa=0.65 CI95% 0.60-0.71).
Results of LBW and PB were more favourable in the births of immigrant women. It could be associated with the healthy migrant effect and a low frequency of risk practices during gestation.
移民与低出生体重（LBW）和早产（PB）之间的关联是健康不平等的一个重要指标。本研究的目的是分析西班牙新生儿中，根据母亲国籍划分的低出生体重和早产之间的差异。
数据来自2001 - 2005年期间1,878,718例新生儿的国家出生统计公报。国籍被视为暴露变量（西班牙 - 移民）。结局为低出生体重（<2500克且孕周≥37周）和早产（<37孕周）。计算比值比，并通过逻辑回归对可能的混杂因素进行调整。
西班牙女性的早产和低出生体重患病率更高（分别为7.9%和3.2%）。与西班牙女性相比，北非女性早产风险最低（调整后比值比=0.77，95%置信区间0.74 - 0.80）。关于低出生体重，南美洲母亲和东欧母亲的风险最低（调整后比值比分别为0.62，95%置信区间0.59 - 0.65；以及调整后比值比=0.65，95%置信区间0.60 - 0.71）。
移民女性分娩时低出生体重和早产的结果更有利。这可能与健康移民效应以及孕期风险行为频率较低有关。
