Hampe W, Hissbach J, Kadmon M, Kadmon G, Klusmann D, Scheutzel P
Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2009 Aug;52(8):821-30. doi: 10.1007/s00103-009-0905-6.
Since 2005, German universities are free to select 60% of their freshmen according to their own admission processes. In 2008, selection of medical students in Germany was mainly based on grades achieved in final school examinations (Abiturnote). Further criteria were used in various combinations: some medical schools conducted interviews or tests, while others rewarded work experience, research awards, or cultural and social dedication. However, solely high school grades and some measures of ability show acceptable validity coefficients with regard to academic and professional success. Evidence for the prognostic validity of interviews and other noncognitive criteria cannot be regarded as sufficient. Recent studies conducted in Hamburg and Heidelberg attempt to validate selection criteria such as a test of natural sciences, final school examination grades, work experience, and voluntary work in the social sector. For the selection of medical students, we recommend the use of final school examination grades in combination with special written test results or, in the case of dentistry, a test of manual dexterity. Interviews might be beneficial to emphasize the importance of non-academic skills and to strengthen the ties of students to their faculty.
自2005年起，德国大学可自行按照本校的录取程序挑选60%的新生。2008年，德国医科学生的选拔主要依据高中毕业考试成绩（Abiturnote）。还会综合运用其他标准：一些医学院校进行面试或测试，另一些则看重工作经历、研究奖项或文化及社会贡献。然而，就学业和职业成就而言，仅有高中成绩及某些能力测评显示出可接受的效度系数。面试及其他非认知标准的预测效度证据尚不充分。汉堡和海德堡近期开展的研究试图验证诸如自然科学测试、高中毕业考试成绩、工作经历以及社会部门志愿工作等选拔标准。对于医科学生的选拔，我们建议结合高中毕业考试成绩与特殊笔试成绩，或者在牙科专业的情况下，结合手工操作能力测试。面试可能有助于强调非学术技能的重要性，并加强学生与所在院系的联系。
