Tsikas Stefanos A, Fischer Volkhard
Hannover Medical School, Dean of Studies Office - Academic Controlling, Hannover, Germany.
GMS J Med Educ. 2025 Apr 15;42(2):Doc27. doi: 10.3205/zma001751. eCollection 2025.
In the academic year 2020/21, alterations were introduced in the admission procedures for medical studies, particularly within the selection quota (AdH). These changes reduced the significance of school-leaving grades (the Abitur) in favor of the Test for Medical Studies (TMS) and considerations of professional training & voluntary service as non-cognitive criteria. The waiting time regulation (WQ) was replaced by a "Special Aptitude Quota" (ZEQ), where experienced professionals were classified based on TMS results. This article examines whether and how those changes have influenced study success in the first two years of medical studies.
We compare the cohorts of 2020 and 2021 (new admission procedure) with the preceding three cohorts, admitted through the old admission process at Hannover Medical School (MHH). Dimensions of study success include dropout rates, progression in studies (completion of the first section within the standard study period), and performance in all written module examinations during the first two study years. The quota of high school top performers (AQ) serves as the reference group. Using ANOVA and comparative statistics, we investigate changes within and between quotas.
Alterations in admission procedures resulted in ZEQ and AdH cohorts being admitted with significantly poorer Abitur grades. While dropout rates decreased in all considered quotas, it is not statistically significant. ZEQ students were more likely to complete the first section on time compared to WQ. AdH entrants after 2020 achieved significantly higher scores in examinations than cohorts from 2017-2019, closing the gap with high school top performers. Both groups consistently outperform WQ/ZEQ in examinations.
Historically, Abitur grades have been a reliable predictor of study success. However, recent years have seen an inflation of excellent high school diplomas. We have demonstrated that a shift away from the Abitur toward aptitude tests and even explicitly non-cognitive criteria does not jeopardize success in medical studies. On the contrary, our findings suggest a trend toward increased study success among ZEQ and AdH. The gap towards AQ, however, remains sizeable.
在2020/21学年，医学专业入学程序发生了变化，特别是在选拔配额（AdH）方面。这些变化降低了高中毕业成绩（Abitur）的重要性，转而青睐医学学习测试（TMS）以及将职业培训和志愿服务作为非认知标准进行考量。等待时间规定（WQ）被“特殊能力配额”（ZEQ）所取代，经验丰富的专业人员根据TMS结果进行分类。本文探讨了这些变化是否以及如何影响医学学习前两年的学业成功。
我们将2020年和2021年的队列（新入学程序）与之前通过汉诺威医学院（MHH）旧入学程序录取的三个队列进行比较。学业成功的维度包括辍学率、学业进展（在标准学习期内完成第一部分）以及前两个学习年所有书面模块考试的成绩。高中尖子生配额（AQ）作为参照组。我们使用方差分析和比较统计方法，研究配额内部和之间的变化。
入学程序的变化导致ZEQ和AdH队列录取的Abitur成绩明显更差。虽然所有考虑的配额中的辍学率都有所下降，但在统计学上并不显著。与WQ相比，ZEQ学生更有可能按时完成第一部分。2020年后入学的AdH学生在考试中的得分明显高于2017 - 2019年的队列，缩小了与高中尖子生的差距。两组在考试中始终优于WQ/ZEQ。
从历史上看，Abitur成绩一直是学业成功的可靠预测指标。然而，近年来优秀高中文凭出现了膨胀现象。我们已经证明从Abitur转向能力测试甚至明确的非认知标准并不会危及医学学习的成功。相反，我们的研究结果表明ZEQ和AdH中有学业成功增加的趋势。然而，与AQ的差距仍然很大。
