Framson Celia, Kristal Alan R, Schenk Jeannette M, Littman Alyson J, Zeliadt Steve, Benitez Denise
Interdisciplinary Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Aug;109(8):1439-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006.
"Mindful eating" describes a nonjudgmental awareness of physical and emotional sensations associated with eating. This article reports the development of a mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) to support rigorous scientific inquiry into this concept. An item pool was developed based on hypothesized domains of mindful eating. A cross-sectional survey examined associations of MEQ scores with demographic and health-related characteristics. The MEQ was distributed to seven convenience samples between January and May 2007, with an overall response rate of 62% (n=303). Participants were mostly women (81%) and white (90%), and had a mean age of 42+/-14.4 years (range 18 to 80 years). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify factors, which were defined as the mean of items scored one to four, where four indicated higher mindfulness; the mean of all factors was the summary MEQ score. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure associations of demographic characteristics, obesity, yoga practice, and physical activity with MEQ scores. Domains of the final 28-item questionnaire were: disinhibition, awareness, external cues, emotional response, and distraction. The mean MEQ score was 2.92+/-0.37, with a reliability (Chronbach's alpha) of .64. The covariate-adjusted MEQ score was inversely associated with body mass index (3.02 for body mass index <25 vs 2.54 for body mass index >30, P<0.001). Yoga practice, but neither walking nor moderate/intense physical activity, was associated with higher MEQ score. In this study sample, the MEQ had good measurement characteristics. Its negative association with body mass index and positive association with yoga provide evidence of construct validity. Further evaluation in more diverse populations is warranted.
“正念饮食”描述的是对与饮食相关的身体和情绪感受的一种无评判性的觉察。本文报告了一份正念饮食问卷（MEQ）的编制情况，以支持对这一概念进行严谨的科学探究。基于正念饮食的假设领域编制了一个条目池。一项横断面调查研究了MEQ得分与人口统计学及健康相关特征之间的关联。2007年1月至5月期间，MEQ被分发给了7个便利样本，总体回复率为62%（n = 303）。参与者大多为女性（81%）且为白人（90%），平均年龄为42±14.4岁（年龄范围18至80岁）。采用探索性因素分析来识别因素，这些因素被定义为得分1至4分的条目的均值，其中4分表示更高的正念水平；所有因素的均值即为MEQ总分。采用多元回归分析来衡量人口统计学特征、肥胖、瑜伽练习和身体活动与MEQ得分之间的关联。最终的28个条目的问卷的领域包括：去抑制、觉察、外部线索、情绪反应和注意力分散。MEQ的平均得分为2.92±0.37，信度（克朗巴哈系数）为0.64。经协变量调整后的MEQ得分与体重指数呈负相关（体重指数<25时为3.02，体重指数>30时为2.54，P<0.001）。瑜伽练习与更高的MEQ得分相关，但步行或中度/剧烈身体活动均无此关联。在本研究样本中，MEQ具有良好的测量特性。其与体重指数的负相关以及与瑜伽的正相关为结构效度提供了证据。有必要在更多样化的人群中进行进一步评估。
