Flicker Leon
Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Australia.
Maturitas. 2009 Aug 20;63(4):319-22. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.06.008. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
Dementia has often thought to be unavoidable and incurable. In recent years, risk factors, including lifestyle attributes, have been associated with the two commonest forms of dementia, Alzheimer's Disease and vascular dementia. There is also new evidence that the adult brain maintains plasticity and response to external stimuli. Beside considerable observational data of the effect of lifestyle factors there is now increasing empirical evidence that alterations in lifestyle factors may decrease an individual's risk of developing dementia. The evidence is strongest for increasing an individual's level of physical activity, followed by the cessation of smoking. These interventions carry few risks and have many additional health benefits, so can be recommended for most of the older population. Other interventions such as increasing social engagement, cognitive stimulation and homocysteine lowering vitamin supplements also appear promising, with considerable observational evidence supporting their uptake, although there is still a lack of empirical evidence for these interventions.
痴呆症常常被认为是不可避免且无法治愈的。近年来，包括生活方式因素在内的风险因素已与两种最常见的痴呆症形式，即阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆症相关联。也有新证据表明，成人大脑保持可塑性并对外界刺激作出反应。除了大量关于生活方式因素影响的观察数据外，现在越来越多的实证证据表明，生活方式因素的改变可能会降低个体患痴呆症的风险。增加身体活动水平的证据最为有力，其次是戒烟。这些干预措施风险极小，还有许多其他健康益处，因此可推荐给大多数老年人群。其他干预措施，如增加社交参与度、认知刺激以及降低同型半胱氨酸水平的维生素补充剂，也似乎很有前景，有大量观察证据支持采用这些措施，尽管这些干预措施仍缺乏实证证据。
