Worldwide Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Oct 1;104 Suppl 1:S17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.06.002. Epub 2009 Jul 24.
This report reviews epidemiologic findings demonstrating the emergence of disparities in smoking prevalence against the backdrop of general declines in smoking over time among women in the United States. In addition to socioeconomic differences in overall smoking prevalence, this report examines evidence of emerging disparities for specific stages of smoking, including progression to heavy smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer mortality. Findings from population-based studies indicate that social disadvantage signals higher likelihood of involvement with each stage of smoking and the gap by level of disadvantage is increasing over time. Disparities in smoking outcomes have been observed for both men and women but in many cases appear to be greater for women. This pattern of results in which disparities emerge in a dynamic system of change in smoking are consistent with Link and Phelan's theory of social conditions as a fundamental cause of disease, and has important implications for approaches to reduce the public health burden of smoking.
本报告回顾了流行病学研究结果，这些结果表明，在美国女性吸烟率总体下降的背景下，吸烟流行率出现了差异。除了整体吸烟率的社会经济差异外，本报告还研究了特定吸烟阶段出现的差异证据，包括向重度吸烟、戒烟和肺癌死亡率的进展。基于人群的研究结果表明，社会劣势表明更有可能参与吸烟的各个阶段，而且劣势程度的差距随着时间的推移而增加。吸烟结果的差异在男性和女性中都有观察到，但在许多情况下，女性的差异似乎更大。这种在吸烟变化的动态系统中出现差异的结果模式与 Link 和 Phelan 的社会条件作为疾病根本原因的理论一致，对减少吸烟对公众健康的负担的方法具有重要意义。
