Zheng Tongsen, Wang Jiabei, Chen Xi, Liu Lianxin
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
Int J Cancer. 2010 Jan 1;126(1):2-10. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24782.
Chemotherapy has been widely used in treatment of cancer, both as systemic therapy and as part of local treatment. Unfortunately, many kinds of cancer are still refractory to chemotherapy. The anticancer drug resistance mechanisms have been extensively explored, yet have not been fully characterized. Recent works have underlined the involvement of noncoding RNAs in cancer development, with several studies regarding their possible involvement in the evolution of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs (20-23 nucleotides) that negatively regulate the gene expressions at the post-transcriptional level by base pairing to the 3' untranslated region of target messenger RNAs. Evidence is emerging that particular microRNAs (miRNA) alterations are involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer. More recently, accumulating evidence is revealing an important role of miRNAs in anticancer drug resistance and miRNA expression profiling can be correlated with the development of anticancer drug resistance. The micro-RNA-mediated form of drug resistance adds yet another mechanism of drug resistance. So, exploiting the emerging knowledge of miRNAs for the development of new human therapeutic applications for overcoming anticancer drug resistance will be important.
化疗已广泛应用于癌症治疗，既作为全身治疗，也作为局部治疗的一部分。不幸的是，许多类型的癌症对化疗仍然难治。抗癌药物耐药机制已得到广泛探索，但尚未完全明确。最近的研究强调了非编码RNA在癌症发展中的作用，有多项研究探讨了它们可能参与耐药性的演变。微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性小非编码RNA（20 - 23个核苷酸），通过与靶信使RNA的3'非翻译区碱基配对在转录后水平负调控基因表达。越来越多的证据表明，特定的微小RNA（miRNA）改变参与人类癌症的发生和发展。最近，越来越多的证据揭示了miRNA在抗癌药物耐药性中的重要作用，并且miRNA表达谱分析可与抗癌药物耐药性的发展相关联。微小RNA介导的耐药形式又增加了一种耐药机制。因此，利用关于miRNA的新知识开发新的人类治疗应用以克服抗癌药物耐药性将具有重要意义。
