Fanini F, Fabbri M
Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) S.r.l. IRCCS, Unit of Gene Therapy, Meldola (FC), Italy.
Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and the Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 May;99(5):485-93. doi: 10.1002/cpt.353. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
The most common cause of cancer relapse is drug resistance, acquired or intrinsic, which strongly limits the efficacy of both conventional and new targeted chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a growing, large family of short noncoding RNAs frequently dysregulated in malignancies. Although the mechanism of miRNA-mediated drug resistance is not fully understood, an increasing amount of evidence suggests their involvement in the acquisition of tumor cell drug resistance, pointing towards the need for novel and more innovative therapeutic approaches. Use of antagomiRs or mimics can modulate specific miRNAs in order to restore gene networks and signaling pathways, perhaps optimizing chemotherapies by increasing cancer cell sensitivity to drugs. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art scenario with regard to the most recent discoveries in the field of miRNAs involved in the process of resistance to cancer therapy.
癌症复发最常见的原因是获得性或内在性耐药，这严重限制了传统化疗和新型靶向化疗的疗效。微小RNA（miRNA）是一个不断壮大的短非编码RNA大家族，在恶性肿瘤中常常失调。虽然miRNA介导的耐药机制尚未完全明确，但越来越多的证据表明它们参与了肿瘤细胞耐药性的获得，这表明需要新颖且更具创新性的治疗方法。使用抗miR或模拟物可以调节特定的miRNA，以恢复基因网络和信号通路，或许通过提高癌细胞对药物的敏感性来优化化疗。本综述的目的是就参与癌症治疗耐药过程的miRNA领域的最新发现提供一个最新情况。
