Cohen Florette, Jussim Lee, Harber Kent D, Bhasin Gautam
Department of Psychology, The College of Staten Island, City University New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Aug;97(2):290-306. doi: 10.1037/a0015338.
Anti-Semitism is resurgent throughout much of the world. A new theoretical model of anti-Semitism is presented and tested in 3 experiments. The model proposes that mortality salience increases anti-Semitism and that anti-Semitism often manifests as hostility toward Israel. Study 1 showed that mortality salience led to greater levels of anti-Semitism and lowered support for Israel. This effect occurred only in a bogus pipeline condition, indicating that social desirability masks hostility toward Jews and Israel. Study 2 showed that mortality salience caused Israel, but no other country, to perceptually loom large. Study 3 showed that mortality salience increased punitiveness toward Israel's human rights violations more than it increased hostility toward the identical human rights violations committed by Russia or India. Collectively, results suggest that Jews constitute a unique cultural threat to many people's worldviews, that anti-Semitism causes hostility to Israel, and that hostility to Israel may feed back to increase anti-Semitism.
反犹主义在世界许多地方再度抬头。本文提出了一种新的反犹主义理论模型，并在3个实验中进行了验证。该模型认为，对死亡的凸显会加剧反犹主义，而反犹主义通常表现为对以色列的敌意。研究1表明，对死亡的凸显会导致更高程度的反犹主义，并降低对以色列的支持。这种效应仅在一种虚假管道情境中出现，这表明社会期望掩盖了对犹太人和以色列的敌意。研究2表明，对死亡的凸显使以色列（而非其他国家）在认知上显得突出。研究3表明，对死亡的凸显增加了对以色列侵犯人权行为的惩罚性，其程度超过了对俄罗斯或印度所犯同样侵犯人权行为的敌意增加程度。总体而言，研究结果表明，犹太人对许多人的世界观构成了独特的文化威胁，反犹主义导致对以色列的敌意，而对以色列的敌意可能会反过来加剧反犹主义。
