Shumway Stacy, Wetherby Amy M
Pediatric & Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009 Oct;52(5):1139-56. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0280). Epub 2009 Jul 27.
To examine the communicative profiles of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the second year of life.
Communicative acts were examined in 125 children 18 to 24 months of age: 50 later diagnosed with ASD; 25 with developmental delays (DD); and 50 with typical development (TD). Precise measures of rate, functions, and means of communication were obtained through systematic observation of videotaped behavior samples from the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (A. Wetherby & B. Prizant, 2002).
Children with ASD communicated at a significantly lower rate than children with DD and TD. The ASD group used a significantly lower proportion of acts for joint attention and a significantly lower proportion of deictic gestures with a reliance on more primitive gestures compared with the DD and TD groups. Children with ASD who did communicate for joint attention were as likely as other children to coordinate vocalizations, eye gaze, and gestures. Rate of communicative acts and joint attention were the strongest predictors of verbal outcome at age 3.
By 18 to 24 months of age, children later diagnosed with ASD showed a unique profile of communication, with core deficits in communication rate, joint attention, and communicative gestures.
研究自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童在一岁半至两岁期间的交流特征。
对125名18至24个月大的儿童的交流行为进行了研究：其中50名后来被诊断为患有ASD；25名有发育迟缓（DD）；50名发育正常（TD）。通过系统观察来自《交流与象征行为量表发展概况》（A.韦瑟比和B.普里赞特，2002年）的录像行为样本，获得了交流频率、功能和方式的精确测量结果。
患有ASD的儿童的交流频率明显低于患有DD和TD的儿童。与DD组和TD组相比，ASD组用于共同注意的行为比例明显较低，指示性手势的比例也明显较低，且更多地依赖于更原始的手势。确实进行共同注意交流的ASD儿童与其他儿童一样，能够协调发声、眼神和手势。交流行为频率和共同注意是3岁时语言发展结果的最强预测因素。
到18至24个月大时，后来被诊断为患有ASD的儿童表现出独特的交流特征，在交流频率、共同注意和交流手势方面存在核心缺陷。
