Charbonneau Anna M, Mezulis Amy H, Hyde Janet Shibley
Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2009 Sep;38(8):1050-8. doi: 10.1007/s10964-009-9398-8. Epub 2009 Jan 24.
In this longitudinal study, we examined whether certain types of stressful events and how individuals respond to these events would explain gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents. We hypothesized that certain stressful events would mediate the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms. We also hypothesized that individual differences in emotional reactivity would impact part of this relationship. Lastly, we examined whether gender differences in early childhood temperament might explain gender differences in emotional reactivity in adolescence. We examined these hypotheses in a sample of 315 adolescents (51% females; 93% Caucasian; 3% African-American; and 1% each Hispanic, Asian-American, and Native American) participating in a longitudinal study of child development since birth. We used multiple regression and constrained nonlinear regression to analyze the data. Results indicated that stressful events significantly mediated gender differences in depression, and that individual differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors significantly moderated the relationship between stress and depression. We also observed significant gender differences in emotional reactivity to these stressors; temperamental differences in withdrawal negativity in infancy were marginally significant in mediating gender differences in emotional reactivity to stress in adolescence.
在这项纵向研究中，我们考察了特定类型的应激事件以及个体对这些事件的反应方式是否能够解释青少年抑郁症状中的性别差异。我们假设某些应激事件会介导性别与抑郁症状之间的关系。我们还假设情绪反应性的个体差异会影响这种关系的一部分。最后，我们考察了幼儿期气质的性别差异是否可以解释青少年情绪反应性的性别差异。我们在315名青少年（51%为女性；93%为白种人；3%为非裔美国人；西班牙裔、亚裔美国人和美洲原住民各占1%）的样本中检验了这些假设，这些青少年参与了一项自出生起就进行的儿童发展纵向研究。我们使用多元回归和约束非线性回归来分析数据。结果表明，应激事件显著介导了抑郁中的性别差异，并且对这些应激源的情绪反应性的个体差异显著调节了应激与抑郁之间的关系。我们还观察到对这些应激源的情绪反应性存在显著的性别差异；婴儿期退缩消极性的气质差异在介导青少年对应激的情绪反应性的性别差异方面具有边缘显著性。
