Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Arch Sex Behav. 2010 Apr;39(2):553-60. doi: 10.1007/s10508-009-9517-3. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
In this sociometric study, we aimed to investigate the social position of gender-referred children in a naturalistic environment. We used a peer nomination technique to examine their social position in the class and we specifically examined bullying and victimization of gender dysphoric children. A total of 28 children (14 boys and 14 girls), referred to a gender identity clinic, and their classmates (n = 495) were included (M age, 10.5 years). Results showed that the gender-referred children had a peer network of children of the opposite sex. Gender-referred boys had more nominations on peer acceptance from female classmates and less from male classmates as compared to other male classmates. Gender-referred girls were more accepted by male than by female classmates and these girls had significantly more male friends and less female friends. Male classmates rejected gender-referred boys more than other boys, whereas female classmates did not reject the gender-referred girls. For bullying and victimization, we did not find any significant differences between the gender-referred boys and their male classmates nor between the gender-referred girls and their female classmates. In sum, at elementary school age, the relationships of gender dysphoric children with opposite-sex children appeared to be better than with same-sex children. The social position of gender-referred boys was less favorable than that of gender-referred girls. However, the gender-referred children were not more often bullied than other children, despite their gender nonconforming behavior.
在这项社会计量研究中，我们旨在调查自然环境中性别认同儿童的社会地位。我们使用同伴提名技术来考察他们在班级中的社会地位，并特别考察了性别焦虑儿童的欺凌和受害情况。共有 28 名（14 名男孩和 14 名女孩）被转介到性别认同诊所的儿童及其同学（n = 495）被纳入研究（M 年龄，10.5 岁）。结果表明，性别认同的儿童与异性的儿童有同伴网络。与其他男同学相比，性别认同的男孩从女同学那里获得的同伴接受提名更多，而从男同学那里获得的提名更少。性别认同的女孩比男同学更受男同学的欢迎，这些女孩有更多的男性朋友，更少的女性朋友。男同学比其他男孩更排斥性别认同的男孩，而女同学则不排斥性别认同的女孩。关于欺凌和受害，我们没有发现性别认同的男孩与他们的男同学之间，以及性别认同的女孩与她们的女同学之间有任何显著差异。总的来说，在小学阶段，性别焦虑儿童与异性儿童的关系似乎比与同性儿童的关系更好。性别认同男孩的社会地位不如性别认同女孩。然而，尽管这些儿童表现出性别不一致的行为，但他们并没有比其他儿童更容易受到欺凌。
