Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Appetite. 2009 Dec;53(3):370-5. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.07.020. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
In the present study, the causal influence of chocolate craving on attentional bias for chocolate-related information was examined by experimentally inducing chocolate craving in a sample of high trait chocolate cravers vs. low trait chocolate cravers. A sample of 35 high trait chocoholics and 33 low trait chocolate cravers were randomly assigned to either the exposure condition in which craving was manipulated or the non-exposure condition. To measure attentional bias, a pictorial version of the visual search paradigm [Smeets, E., Roefs, A., van Furth, E., & Jansen, A. (2008). Attentional bias for body and food in eating disorders: increased distraction, speeded detection, or both? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 229-238] was used, assessing two components: distraction and detection. It was found that experimentally induced chocolate craving led to increased distraction by chocolate pictures in the high trait chocolate cravers, in comparison to the low trait chocolate cravers. Moreover, this measure of distraction correlated strongly with self-reported craving, but only in the chocoholics and in the exposure condition. In the non-exposure condition, high trait chocolate cravers showed speeded detection of chocolate pictures relative to non-chocoholics, but this component did not correlate with self-reported craving. It is concluded that experimentally induced craving for chocolate causes a bias in, specifically the increased distraction component of attention in high trait chocolate cravers.
在本研究中，通过在高特质巧克力爱好者和低特质巧克力爱好者样本中实验性地诱导巧克力渴望，来检验巧克力渴望对巧克力相关信息注意力偏向的因果影响。随机将 35 名高特质巧克力成瘾者和 33 名低特质巧克力成瘾者分配到暴露条件或非暴露条件中。为了测量注意力偏向，使用了视觉搜索范式的图像版本[Smeets，E.，Roefs，A.，van Furth，E.，& Jansen，A.（2008）。饮食失调症中对身体和食物的注意力偏向：注意力分散增加，检测速度加快，还是两者兼而有之？行为研究与治疗，46，229-238]，评估了两个组成部分：分心和检测。结果发现，与低特质巧克力爱好者相比，实验性地诱导的巧克力渴望会导致高特质巧克力爱好者对巧克力图片的分心增加。此外，这种分心的衡量标准与自我报告的渴望强烈相关，但仅在巧克力成瘾者和暴露条件下相关。在非暴露条件下，高特质巧克力成瘾者相对于非巧克力成瘾者对巧克力图片的检测速度加快，但这一成分与自我报告的渴望无关。结论是，实验性地诱导巧克力渴望会导致高特质巧克力爱好者注意力偏向，特别是注意力的分心成分增加。
