Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution and Pollution Control Engineering of Atmospheric Pollutants, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, P.O. Box 447, 67100 Xanthi, Greece.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Dec 15;172(1):363-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.023. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
Ambient samples of coarse and fine organic particulate matter collected from two urban sites in the city of Athens over one warm and one cold period have been solvent-extracted and quantitatively characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for their content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidized PAHs (oxyPAHs). Variable concentrations were observed for the two distinct monthly periods representing a cold, dry period and a summer period, relating to strong local primary emissions and to lower emissions with more stable meteorological conditions, respectively. Additionally, gaseous concentrations of selected PAHs were calculated, revealing that the relative proportions between gaseous and particle phase of individual compounds may differ significantly between summer and late winter, reflecting changes in PAH emission sources and climate conditions. In fact almost all of SigmaPAHs were attributed to combustion sources (82-92%), while more than half are considered as comprising of probable human carcinogens (47-62%). Traffic was confirmed as the major contributor of PAHs when appropriate diagnostic ratios and traffic marker compounds were used. This approach also led to the estimation of diesel versus petrol contribution to the atmospheric PAH burden, using the methylphenanthrene to phenanthrene ratio. The fourteen oxygenated polycyclic compounds that were quantified had greater concentrations in the colder period. Among these compounds 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde and 9H-fluoren-9-one had the highest concentrations.
从雅典市的两个城市地点采集的粗颗粒和细颗粒有机环境样本，经过溶剂萃取并通过气相色谱-质谱法进行定量分析，以确定多环芳烃 (PAHs) 和氧化多环芳烃 (oxyPAHs) 的含量。在代表寒冷、干燥期和夏季的两个不同的月度期间观察到了不同的浓度，这与强烈的本地一次排放和更多稳定气象条件下的较低排放有关。此外，还计算了选定 PAHs 的气态浓度，结果表明，个别化合物在气相和颗粒相之间的相对比例可能在夏季和冬季末之间有很大差异，反映了 PAH 排放源和气候条件的变化。事实上，几乎所有的 SigmaPAHs 都归因于燃烧源（82-92%），而超过一半的 SigmaPAHs 被认为包含可能的人类致癌物质（47-62%）。当使用适当的诊断比和交通标志物化合物时，交通被确认为 PAHs 的主要来源。这种方法还使用甲基菲和菲的比值来估计大气 PAH 负担中柴油与汽油的贡献。在较冷的时期，这 14 种含氧多环化合物的浓度更高。在这些化合物中，9,10-菲醌、1-苝甲醛和 9H-芴-9-酮的浓度最高。
