Kheifets Leeka, Renew David, Sias Glenn, Swanson John
Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2010 Feb;31(2):89-101. doi: 10.1002/bem.20527.
Much of the research and reviews on extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) have focused on magnetic rather than electric fields. Some have considered such focus to be inappropriate and have argued that electric fields should be part of both epidemiologic and laboratory work. This paper fills the gap by systematically and critically reviewing electric-fields literature and by comparing overall strength of evidence for electric versus magnetic fields. The review of possible mechanisms does not provide any specific basis for focusing on electric fields. While laboratory studies of electric fields are few, they do not indicate that electric fields should be the exposure of interest. The existing epidemiology on residential electric-field exposures and appliance use does not support the conclusion of adverse health effects from electric-field exposure. Workers in close proximity to high-voltage transmission lines or substation equipment can be exposed to high electric fields. While there are sporadic reports of increase in cancer in some occupational studies, these are inconsistent and fraught with methodologic problems. Overall, there seems little basis to suppose there might be a risk for electric fields, and, in contrast to magnetic fields, and with a possible exception of occupational epidemiology, there seems little basis for continued research into electric fields.
关于极低频（ELF）电场和磁场（EMF）的许多研究和综述都集中在磁场而非电场方面。一些人认为这种关注点不合适，并主张电场应成为流行病学和实验室研究工作的一部分。本文通过系统且批判性地回顾电场文献，并比较电场与磁场证据的总体强度，填补了这一空白。对可能机制的综述并未为关注电场提供任何具体依据。虽然关于电场的实验室研究较少，但这些研究并未表明电场应成为感兴趣的暴露因素。现有的关于住宅电场暴露和电器使用的流行病学研究并不支持电场暴露会对健康产生不良影响这一结论。靠近高压输电线路或变电站设备的工人可能会暴露于强电场中。虽然在一些职业研究中有关于癌症发病率增加的零星报告，但这些报告并不一致，且存在诸多方法学问题。总体而言，似乎几乎没有依据认为电场可能存在风险，并且与磁场不同，除了职业流行病学可能是个例外，似乎几乎没有继续研究电场的依据。
