Edinburgh Napier University, UK.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2009;39(7):613-26. doi: 10.1080/10408440903120975.
Due to the rapid development of a diverse array of nanoparticles, used in a wide variety of products, there are now many international activities to assess the potential toxicity of these materials. These particles are developed due to properties such as catalytic reactivity, high surface area, light emission properties, and others. Such properties have the potential to interfere in many well-established toxicity testing protocols. This article outlines some of the most frequently used assays to assess the cytotoxity and biological reactivity of nanoparticles in vitro. The article identifies key issues that need to be addressed in relation to inclusion of relevant controls, assessing particles for their ability to interfere in the assays, and using systematic approaches to prevent misinterpretation of data. The protocols discussed range from simple cytotoxicity assays, to measurement of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, activation of proinflammatory signaling, and finally genotoxicity. The aim of this review is to share knowledge relating to nanoparticle toxicity testing in order to provide advice and support for guidelines, regulatory bodies, and for scientists in general.
由于各种纳米粒子的快速发展，这些纳米粒子被广泛应用于各种产品中，现在有许多国际活动来评估这些材料的潜在毒性。这些粒子具有催化反应性、高表面积、发光特性等特性，因此得以开发。这些特性有可能干扰许多成熟的毒性测试方案。本文概述了体外评估纳米颗粒细胞毒性和生物反应性最常用的检测方法。本文确定了与相关对照物的纳入、评估粒子干扰检测的能力以及采用系统方法防止数据误读相关的关键问题。所讨论的方案范围从简单的细胞毒性检测，到活性氧物质和氧化应激的测量、促炎信号的激活，最后是遗传毒性。本文的目的是分享与纳米颗粒毒性测试相关的知识，以为指南、监管机构和一般科学家提供建议和支持。
