Triplett N Travis, Colado Juan C, Benavent Juan, Alakhdar Yasser, Madera Joaquin, Gonzalez Luis M, Tella Victor
Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Sep;41(9):1790-6. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a252b7.
This study investigated the kinetic and the kinematic differences in female athletes in single-leg static jumps in an aquatic environment compared with those performed on dry land.
Twelve healthy, junior national team handball players participated. Subjects completed a familiarization and a testing session. The subjects performed a series of single-leg jumps, dry land and aquatic with and without devices, which were randomized to avoid fatigue effects. Peak concentric force, rate of force development, impact force, and time of the jumps were determined using a force plate.
Peak concentric force and rate of force development were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the aquatic jumps, whereas impact force was significantly (P < 0.05) lower. There was a shorter total jump time (P < 0.05) for the aquatic jump without devices, whereas the time required to reach peak force was not significantly different between the two environments, despite the greater resistance to movement in the aquatic medium.
Aquatic jump exercises result in greater force production and rate of force development in the same amount of time with less impact and can thus offer a viable alternative to traditional dry-land jump exercises, which may also be beneficial for rehabilitating or aging populations. The benefits of this type of exercise include an exercise mode that can be performed without compromising speed while reducing the potential for joint injury.
本研究调查了女性运动员在水环境中进行单腿静态跳跃与在陆地上进行单腿静态跳跃时的动力学和运动学差异。
12名健康的国家青年队手球运动员参与了研究。受试者完成了一次熟悉阶段和一次测试阶段。受试者进行了一系列单腿跳跃，包括在陆地和水中有或没有器械辅助的跳跃，这些跳跃顺序随机以避免疲劳影响。使用测力板测定向心峰值力、力发展速率、冲击力和跳跃时间。
水中跳跃的向心峰值力和力发展速率显著更高（P < 0.05），而冲击力显著更低（P < 0.05）。无器械辅助的水中跳跃总跳跃时间更短（P < 0.05），尽管在水介质中运动阻力更大，但两种环境下达到峰值力所需的时间并无显著差异。
水中跳跃练习在相同时间内能够产生更大的力量和力发展速率，且冲击力更小，因此可以为传统陆地跳跃练习提供一种可行的替代方案，这对于康复人群或老年人群可能也是有益的。这类运动的益处包括一种在不影响速度的情况下进行的运动模式，同时降低了关节受伤的可能性。
