Matis, Icelandic Food Research, Reykjavik, Iceland.
J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Feb;108(2):624-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04454.x. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
To assess the effects of bacterial treatment at the earliest stages of cod rearing on the microbial load, larval development and performance, testing three bacterial strains (Carnobacterium divergens V41, Arthrobacter sp. and Enterococcus sp.) in vivo that were previously shown to have inhibitory potential towards fish pathogens in vitro.
A bacterial mixture was added eight times to the rearing water from the prehatch to the mid-larval stage (a 38-day period). Microbiological analysis of ova, larvae and rearing water was performed regularly. Larval performance and development were evaluated by survival rate, hypersalinity tolerance and physiological measurements. Different larval survival rates were observed within and between treatments, and possibly explained by variations in larval microflora and established probionts. Larvae from one silo, which had been bathed in the bacterial suspension, showed the highest survival rate (42.1%), lowest Vibrio levels, and were significantly heavier (19.3%) and more stress tolerant than control larvae (P < 0.01). This coincided with the intestinal establishment of two of the tested bacteria.
Arthrobacter and Enterococcus strains added regularly to the rearing water from the postfertilized egg stage can become established in larval gastrointestinal tract. The Enterococcus strain was associated with increased larval growth, performance and microflora control, indicating its probiotic nature.
Regular application of autochthonous probionts may promote larval welfare, development and stress tolerance at early stages, hence increasing production yield in intensive cod larviculture.
评估在鳕鱼养殖早期阶段进行细菌处理对微生物负荷、幼虫发育和性能的影响，体内测试三种先前在体外显示出对鱼类病原体具有抑制潜力的细菌菌株（Carnobacterium divergens V41、节杆菌和肠球菌）。
从孵化前到中期幼虫阶段（38 天），将细菌混合物八次添加到养殖水中。定期对卵、幼虫和养殖水进行微生物分析。通过存活率、耐高盐度和生理测量来评估幼虫的性能和发育。处理内和处理间观察到不同的幼虫存活率，这可能与幼虫微生物群和定植益生菌的变化有关。在细菌悬浮液中浸泡过的一个筒仓中的幼虫表现出最高的存活率（42.1%）、最低的弧菌水平，并且明显更重（19.3%）和更能耐受应激（P<0.01），与两种测试细菌在肠道中的定植一致。
从受精卵阶段开始定期向养殖水中添加节杆菌和肠球菌菌株，可以在幼虫胃肠道中定植。肠球菌菌株与增加幼虫生长、性能和微生物群控制有关，表明其具有益生菌特性。
定期应用本土益生菌可能会在早期阶段促进幼虫的福利、发育和应激耐受性，从而提高集约化鳕鱼育苗的产量。
