George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2009 Sep;41(5):1124-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.029. Epub 2009 Jul 18.
Interruptions are ubiquitous, and they can lead to disastrous consequences. The goal of this paper is to describe remedies that have been proposed to reduce the disruption caused by interruptions based on an understanding of how principles of human cognitive processing bear on the sequence of events that take place during an interruption. We show that interruptions tap disparate cognitive operations, from attention to decision making to memory. We illustrate how these cognitive processes can lead to interruption-induced errors, and how they can help in understanding potential problems with remedies that have been proposed to ameliorate those effects. We present a framework in which the load imposed by the task and the cost of an error suggests the types of solutions that should be considered for a given domain. We then discuss the implications of this approach for understanding and reducing the negative effect of interruptions in transportation domains.
中断是普遍存在的，它们可能会导致灾难性的后果。本文的目的是描述一些已经提出的补救措施，这些措施基于对人类认知处理原理如何影响中断期间发生的事件顺序的理解，旨在减少中断造成的干扰。我们表明，中断涉及从注意力到决策再到记忆等不同的认知操作。我们举例说明了这些认知过程如何导致中断引起的错误，以及它们如何帮助理解为改善这些影响而提出的补救措施可能存在的问题。我们提出了一个框架，其中任务的负载和错误的代价表明了在给定领域应考虑的解决方案类型。然后，我们讨论了这种方法对理解和减少交通领域中断的负面影响的意义。
