Kejnovsky Eduard, Leitch Ilia J, Leitch Andrew R
Institute of Biophysics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2009 Oct;24(10):572-82. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.010. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
Continuing advances in genomics are revealing substantial differences between genomes of major eukaryotic lineages. Because most data (in terms of depth and phylogenetic breadth) are available for angiosperms and mammals, we explore differences between these groups and show that angiosperms have less highly compartmentalized and more diverse genomes than mammals. In considering the causes of these differences, four mechanisms are highlighted: polyploidy, recombination, retrotransposition and genome silencing, which have different modes and time scales of activity. Angiosperm genomes are evolutionarily more dynamic and labile, whereas mammalian genomes are more stable at both the sequence and chromosome level. We suggest that fundamentally different life strategies and development feedback on the genome exist, influencing dynamics and evolutionary trajectories at all levels from the gene to the genome.
基因组学的持续进展揭示了主要真核生物谱系基因组之间的显著差异。由于大多数数据（在深度和系统发育广度方面）可用于被子植物和哺乳动物，我们探讨了这些类群之间的差异，并表明被子植物的基因组比哺乳动物的基因组具有更低的高度分区化和更多样化的特点。在考虑这些差异的原因时，突出了四种机制：多倍体、重组、逆转录转座和基因组沉默，它们具有不同的活动模式和时间尺度。被子植物基因组在进化上更具动态性和不稳定性，而哺乳动物基因组在序列和染色体水平上都更稳定。我们认为，存在着根本不同的生命策略以及对基因组的发育反馈，影响着从基因到基因组各级的动态性和进化轨迹。
