Nathan Robert A
Asthma and Allergy Associates and Research Center, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA.
South Med J. 2009 Sep;102(9):935-41. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b01c68.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are disorders of the airway characterized by inflammation of the respiratory mucosa. The presence of one disorder increases the likelihood that the other will also occur. As they are mechanistically intertwined, one can exacerbate the other when both conditions are present. In addition, comorbid AR and asthma have an additive impact on patients' health-related quality of life. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) recommendations suggest that asthma patients should be evaluated for AR, and all AR patients should undergo tests for asthma. They also suggest that ideally, a combined strategy should be used to treat the upper and lower airway diseases. While treatment for AR includes antihistamines, intranasal glucocorticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and specific immunotherapy, data suggest that these treatment approaches may also improve asthma outcomes. This article reviews current clinical approaches to the diagnosis and management of patients with comorbid AR and asthma.
变应性鼻炎（AR）和哮喘是气道疾病，其特征为呼吸道黏膜炎症。一种疾病的存在会增加另一种疾病发生的可能性。由于它们在发病机制上相互交织，当两种疾病同时存在时，一种疾病会加重另一种疾病。此外，AR和哮喘共病对患者的健康相关生活质量有累加影响。变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响（ARIA）指南建议，应对哮喘患者进行AR评估，所有AR患者都应接受哮喘检测。指南还建议，理想情况下，应采用联合策略治疗上、下气道疾病。虽然AR的治疗包括抗组胺药、鼻用糖皮质激素、白三烯调节剂和特异性免疫疗法，但数据表明这些治疗方法也可能改善哮喘的治疗效果。本文综述了目前对AR和哮喘共病患者的诊断和管理的临床方法。
