Scadding Glenis, Walker Samantha
The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.
Prim Care Respir J. 2012 Jun;21(2):222-8. doi: 10.4104/pcrj.2012.00035.
Many factors can impair asthma control. One which is frequently overlooked is rhinitis. Asthma patients with significant rhinitis are over four times more likely to have poorly controlled asthma than those without. Over 80% of patients with asthma have rhinitis, which may be allergic or inflammatory/non-allergic. Both types of rhinitis share pathophysiological similarities with eosinophilic asthma, cause bronchial hyper-reactivity, and are predisposing factors for the subsequent development of asthma. Nasal allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis results in inflammation in the bronchi as well as the nose, and the reverse is also true. This article reviews briefly the evidence for the link between asthma and rhinitis, advocates looking for rhinitis when patients present with poorly controlled asthma, and provides guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis.
许多因素会损害哮喘控制。一个经常被忽视的因素是鼻炎。患有严重鼻炎的哮喘患者哮喘控制不佳的可能性是无鼻炎患者的四倍多。超过80%的哮喘患者患有鼻炎，鼻炎可能是过敏性的或炎症性/非过敏性的。这两种鼻炎在病理生理上与嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘有相似之处，会导致支气管高反应性，并且是哮喘后续发展的诱发因素。过敏性鼻炎患者进行鼻过敏原激发试验会导致支气管以及鼻腔出现炎症，反之亦然。本文简要综述了哮喘与鼻炎之间关联的证据，提倡在哮喘控制不佳的患者中筛查鼻炎，并为鼻炎的诊断和治疗提供指导。
