Emerson Kevin J, Uyemura Alison M, McDaniel Keely L, Schmidt Paul S, Bradshaw William E, Holzapfel Christina M
Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2009 Sep;195(9):825-9. doi: 10.1007/s00359-009-0460-5. Epub 2009 Aug 9.
Drosophila melanogaster from Australia, Europe and North America enter an adult ovarian dormancy in response to short days and low temperatures. The independent effects of temperature and day length in the determination of dormancy have been examined only in one long-established laboratory line (Canton-S). In all other studies of natural or laboratory populations, dormancy has been assessed at either a single short day or a single moderately low temperature. Herein, we determine the relative roles of temperature, photoperiod, and their interaction in the control of ovarian dormancy in D. melanogaster from two natural populations representing latitudinal extremes in eastern North America (Florida at 27 degrees N and Maine at 44 degrees N). In both natural populations, temperature is the main determinant of dormancy, alone explaining 67% of the total variation among replicate isofemale lines, whereas photoperiod has no significant effect. We conclude that ovarian dormancy in D. melanogaster is a temperature-initiated syndrome of winter-tolerant traits that represents an adaptive phenotypic plasticity in temperate seasonal environments.
来自澳大利亚、欧洲和北美的黑腹果蝇会在短日照和低温条件下进入成虫卵巢休眠状态。温度和日照长度对休眠的独立影响仅在一个长期建立的实验室品系（Canton-S）中进行过研究。在所有其他关于自然种群或实验室种群的研究中，休眠仅在单一短日照或单一适度低温条件下进行评估。在此，我们确定了温度、光周期及其相互作用在控制来自北美东部纬度极端地区（北纬27度的佛罗里达和北纬44度的缅因）的两个自然种群黑腹果蝇卵巢休眠中的相对作用。在这两个自然种群中，温度是休眠的主要决定因素，单独解释了重复同雌系之间总变异的67%，而光周期没有显著影响。我们得出结论，黑腹果蝇的卵巢休眠是一种由温度引发的耐冬性状综合征，代表了温带季节性环境中的一种适应性表型可塑性。
