Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Diabetes Care. 2009 Nov;32(11):2021-6. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1042. Epub 2009 Aug 12.
To investigate the relation between total fish, type of fish (lean and fatty), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort.
The analysis included 4,472 Dutch participants aged >or=55 years without diabetes at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (relative risk [RR]) with 95% CIs were used to examine risk associations adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, and nutritional factors.
After 15 years of follow-up, 463 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Median fish intake, mainly lean fish (81%), was 10 g/day. Total fish intake was associated positively with risk of type 2 diabetes; the RR was 1.32 (95% CI 1.02-1.70) in the highest total fish group (>or=28 g/day) compared with that for non-fish eaters (P(trend) = 0.04). Correspondingly, lean fish intake tended to be associated positively with type 2 diabetes (RR highest group [>or=23 g/day] 1.30 [95% CI 1.01-1.68]; P(trend) = 0.06), but fatty fish was not. No association was observed between EPA and DHA intake and type 2 diabetes (RR highest group [>or=149.4 mg/day] 1.22 [0.97-1.53]). With additional adjustment for intake of selenium, cholesterol, and vitamin D, this RR decreased to 1.05 (0.80-1.38; P(trend) = 0.77).
The findings do not support a beneficial effect of total fish, type of fish, or EPA and DHA intake on the risk of type 2 diabetes. Alternatively, other dietary components, such as selenium, and unmeasured contaminants present in fish might explain our results.
在一项基于人群的队列研究中，调查总鱼摄入量、鱼类种类（瘦鱼和肥鱼）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）摄入量与 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关系。
该分析包括基线时无糖尿病的 4472 名年龄≥55 岁的荷兰参与者。膳食摄入量通过半定量食物频率问卷进行评估。使用风险比（相对风险[RR]）和 95%置信区间来检查经年龄、性别、生活方式和营养因素调整后的风险关联。
在 15 年的随访后，463 名参与者患上了 2 型糖尿病。鱼类摄入量的中位数（主要是瘦鱼，占 81%）为 10 克/天。总鱼摄入量与 2 型糖尿病风险呈正相关；与非食用鱼类者相比，最高总鱼摄入量组（≥28 克/天）的 RR 为 1.32（95%CI 1.02-1.70）（P趋势=0.04）。相应地，瘦鱼摄入量与 2 型糖尿病呈正相关趋势（最高摄入量组[≥23 克/天] RR 为 1.30[95%CI 1.01-1.68]；P趋势=0.06），但肥鱼则不然。EPA 和 DHA 摄入量与 2 型糖尿病之间没有关联（最高摄入量组[≥149.4 毫克/天] RR 为 1.22[0.97-1.53]）。在进一步调整硒、胆固醇和维生素 D 的摄入量后，该 RR 降至 1.05（0.80-1.38；P趋势=0.77）。
研究结果不支持总鱼、鱼类种类或 EPA 和 DHA 摄入量对 2 型糖尿病风险的有益影响。或者，其他膳食成分，如硒，以及鱼类中存在的未测量污染物可能解释了我们的结果。
