Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1317-23. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28416. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest a cardioprotective effect of n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids from fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].
The objective was to examine the association of fish and EPA plus DHA intakes with coronary calcification in a general older population.
Diet was assessed between 1990 and 1993 by using a semiquantitative 170-item food-frequency questionnaire. Coronary calcification was assessed approximately 7 y later by electron-beam computed tomography in 1570 asymptomatic cardiac subjects with complete dietary data (44% men, mean age of 64 y). Calcium scores according to Agatston's method were divided into < or = 10 (no/minimal coronary calcification), 11-400 (mild/moderate calcification), and > 400 (severe calcification). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for mild/moderate and severe calcification were obtained in categories of fish and EPA plus DHA intake. PRs were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and dietary factors.
Subjects with a fish intake > 19 g/d had a significantly lower prevalence of mild/moderate calcification (PR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98; full model) than did subjects who consumed no fish. Subjects with a high fish intake also had a lower prevalence of severe calcification (PR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.04), which was borderline statistically significant. EPA plus DHA intake showed no significant associations (PR: 0.93 and 0.97, respectively; P > 0.05).
We found a weak inverse association between fish intake and coronary calcification. If confirmed in other population-based studies, more research is warranted to determine which components in fish can inhibit vascular calcification.
流行病学和实验数据表明，来自鱼类的 n-3（ω-3）脂肪酸（二十碳五烯酸[EPA]加二十二碳六烯酸[DHA]）具有心脏保护作用。
本研究旨在探讨一般老年人群中鱼类和 EPA 加 DHA 摄入量与冠状动脉钙化之间的关系。
1990 年至 1993 年期间，通过半定量的 170 项食物频率问卷评估饮食情况。大约 7 年后，在 1570 名无症状心脏患者中通过电子束计算机断层扫描评估冠状动脉钙化情况（44%为男性，平均年龄 64 岁）。根据 Agatston 法，钙评分分为 < 或 = 10（无/轻度冠状动脉钙化）、11-400（中度/重度钙化）和 > 400（重度钙化）。在鱼类和 EPA 加 DHA 摄入量的类别中，获得了轻度/中度和重度钙化的比值比（PR）。PR 按年龄、性别、体重指数、糖尿病、社会经济地位、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动和饮食因素进行了调整。
鱼类摄入量 > 19 g/d 的受试者中，轻度/中度钙化的患病率明显较低（PR：0.87；95%CI：0.78，0.98；全模型），而不食用鱼类的受试者则较低。高鱼类摄入量的受试者也有较低的严重钙化患病率（PR：0.88；95%CI：0.74，1.04），这一结果具有统计学意义的边缘性。EPA 加 DHA 摄入量与钙化之间没有显著关联（PR：0.93 和 0.97，分别；P > 0.05）。
我们发现鱼类摄入量与冠状动脉钙化之间存在弱的负相关关系。如果在其他基于人群的研究中得到证实，就需要进行更多的研究以确定鱼类中的哪些成分可以抑制血管钙化。
