Paton Carl D, Hopkins Will G, Cook Christian
Health and Sport Science, Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier, New Zealand.
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Sep;23(6):1758-63. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3f1d3.
High-resistance interval training produces substantial gains in sprint and endurance performance of cyclists in the competitive phase of a season. Here, we report the effect of changing the cadence of the intervals. We randomized 18 road cyclists to 2 groups for 4 weeks of training. Both groups replaced part of their usual training with 8 30-minute sessions consisting of sets of explosive single-leg jumps alternating with sets of high-intensity cycling sprints performed at either low cadence (60-70 min(-1)) or high cadence (110-120 min(-1)) on a training ergometer. Testosterone concentration was assayed in saliva samples collected before and after each session. Cycle ergometry before and after the intervention provided measures of performance (mean power in a 60-s time trial, incremental peak power, 4-mM lactate power) and physiologic indices of endurance performance (maximum oxygen uptake, exercise economy, fractional utilization of maximum oxygen uptake). Testosterone concentration in each session increased by 97% +/- 39% (mean +/- between-subject SD) in the low-cadence group but by only 62% +/- 23% in the high-cadence group. Performance in the low-cadence group improved more than in the high-cadence group, with mean differences of 2.5% (90% confidence limits, +/-4.8%) for 60-second mean power, 3.6% (+/-3.7%) for peak power, and 7.0% (+/-5.9%) for 4-mM lactate power. Maximum oxygen uptake showed a corresponding mean difference of 3.2% (+/-4.2%), but differences for other physiologic indices were unclear. Correlations between changes in performance and physiology were also unclear. Low-cadence interval training is probably more effective than high-cadence training in improving performance of well-trained competitive cyclists. The effects on performance may be related to training-associated effects on testosterone and to effects on maximum oxygen uptake.
在赛季的竞技阶段，高阻力间歇训练能显著提高自行车运动员的短跑和耐力表现。在此，我们报告改变间歇训练节奏的效果。我们将18名公路自行车运动员随机分为两组，进行为期4周的训练。两组均用8次30分钟的训练课替代部分常规训练，训练课包括在训练功率计上以低踏频（60 - 70次/分钟）或高踏频（110 - 120次/分钟）进行的爆发性单腿跳跃组与高强度自行车冲刺组交替进行。在每次训练课前后采集唾液样本测定睾酮浓度。干预前后的自行车功率测试提供了表现指标（60秒计时赛的平均功率、递增峰值功率、4毫摩尔乳酸功率）以及耐力表现的生理指标（最大摄氧量、运动经济性、最大摄氧量的分数利用率）。低踏频组每次训练课的睾酮浓度平均增加97%±39%（平均值±受试者间标准差），而高踏频组仅增加62%±23%。低踏频组的表现比高踏频组改善得更多，60秒平均功率的平均差异为2.5%（90%置信区间，±4.8%），峰值功率为3.6%（±3.7%），4毫摩尔乳酸功率为7.0%（±5.9%）。最大摄氧量的相应平均差异为3.2%（±4.2%），但其他生理指标的差异不明确。表现变化与生理变化之间的相关性也不明确。对于训练有素的竞技自行车运动员，低踏频间歇训练在提高表现方面可能比高踏频训练更有效。对表现的影响可能与训练对睾酮的相关作用以及对最大摄氧量的作用有关。
