Silva Analiza M, Fields David A, Quitério Ana L, Sardinha Luís B
Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Movement-Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal.
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Sep;23(6):1688-96. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3f0e4.
This study was designed to assess the usefulness of skinfold (SKF) equations developed by Jackson and Pollock (JP) and by Evans (Ev) in tracking body composition changes (relative fat mass [%FM], absolute fat mass [FM], and fat-free mass [FFM]) of elite male judo athletes before a competition using a 4-compartment (4C) model as the reference method. A total of 18 male, top-level (age: 22.6 +/- 2.9 yr) athletes were evaluated at baseline (weight: 73.4 +/- 7.9 kg; %FM4C: 7.0 +/- 3.3%; FM4C: 5.1 +/- 2.6 kg; and FFM4C: 68.3 +/- 7.3 kg) and before a competition (weight: 72.7 +/- 7.5 kg; %FM4C: 6.5 +/- 3.4%; FM4C: 4.8 +/- 2.6 kg; and FFM4C: 67.9 +/- 7.1 kg). Measures of body density assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bone mineral content by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and total-body water by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy were used to estimate 4C model %FM, FM, and FFM. Seven SKF site models using both JP and Ev were used to estimate %FM, FM, and FFM along with the simplified Ev3SKF site. Changes in %FM, FM, and FFM were not significantly different from the 4C model. The regression model for the SKF in question and the reference method did not differ from the line of identity in estimating changes in %FM, FM, and FFM. The limits of agreement were similar, ranging from -3.4 to 3.6 for %FM, -2.7 to 2.5 kg for FM, and -2.5 to 2.7 kg for FFM. Considering the similar performance of both 7SKF- and 3SKF-based equations compared with the criterion method, these data indicate that either the 7- or 3-site SFK models are not valid to detect %FM, FM, and FFM changes of highly trained athletes. These results highlighted the inaccuracy of anthropometric models in tracking desired changes in body composition of elite male judo athletes before a competition.
本研究旨在评估由杰克逊和波洛克（JP）以及埃文斯（Ev）开发的皮褶厚度（SKF）方程，在以四成分（4C）模型作为参考方法的情况下，追踪精英男子柔道运动员比赛前身体成分变化（相对脂肪量[%FM]、绝对脂肪量[FM]和去脂体重[FFM]）的有效性。共有18名男性顶级运动员（年龄：22.6±2.9岁）在基线时（体重：73.4±7.9千克；%FM4C：7.0±3.3%；FM4C：5.1±2.6千克；FFM4C：68.3±7.3千克）以及比赛前（体重：72.7±7.5千克；%FM4C：6.5±3.4%；FM4C：4.8±2.6千克；FFM4C：67.9±7.1千克）接受了评估。通过空气置换体积描记法评估身体密度、通过双能X射线吸收法评估骨矿物质含量以及通过生物电阻抗光谱法评估全身水含量，以估算4C模型的%FM、FM和FFM。使用了同时采用JP和Ev的7个SKF部位模型以及简化的Ev3SKF部位模型来估算%FM、FM和FFM。%FM、FM和FFM的变化与4C模型无显著差异。所讨论的SKF回归模型与参考方法在估算%FM、FM和FFM变化方面与恒等线无差异。一致性界限相似，%FM为-3.4至3.6，FM为-2.7至2.5千克，FFM为-2.5至2.7千克。考虑到基于7SKF和3SKF的方程与标准方法相比表现相似，这些数据表明7部位或3部位的SFK模型均无法有效检测出训练有素运动员的%FM、FM和FFM变化。这些结果凸显了人体测量模型在追踪精英男子柔道运动员比赛前身体成分预期变化方面的不准确之处。
