Abdel-Ghaffar Fathy, Semmler Margit, Al-Rasheid Khaled, Mehlhorn Heinz
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Parasitol Res. 2009 Oct;105(5):1469-71. doi: 10.1007/s00436-009-1590-y. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
The present in vitro study shows the efficacy of two antimite products (ByeMite = phoxim, Mite-Stop = neem seed extract) against all developing stages of the important red chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae (obtained at two farms in France and Germany). While permanent contact with the active compound led to an efficacy of 100% in the case of Mite-Stop on mites in both farms, there was only a 96.2% killing effect of ByeMite on the mites of the French farm. Even short contacts of only 4 s killed 100% of mites in the case of Mite-Stop at the French farm and only 84.5% in the German farm. ByeMite, on the other hand, killed only 27.8% (Germany) and 30% (France) when mites got the chance to escape from the treated grounds to untreated ones. When using only the half doses of both products, Mite-Stop(R) still reached, after permanent contact, 100% activity on the German farm and 98.2% in France, while ByeMite killed 93.8% (Germany) and 90.6% (France). Short contact to half doses of course reduced the activity of both products (Mite-Stop = 59.3% in France, 22.1% in Germany; ByeMite = 28.8% in France, 18.8% in Germany). With respect to the fumigant activity of the products, the strains of D. gallinae reacted differently. While Mite-Stop(R) showed a clear fumigant activity in the case of the German mites, this product did not affect the French mites by air distribution, neither did ByeMite in both cases. Therefore, mites have to come in contact with both products. Against Mite-Stop, there was apparently no resistance and low doses have high efficacy after even short contacts, which regularly occur in a treated stable, where mites have the chance to leave treated places to untreated hidden spots.
目前的体外研究表明，两种杀螨产品（拜螨通=辛硫磷，灭螨停=印楝籽提取物）对重要的红鸡螨（从法国和德国的两个农场采集）的所有发育阶段均有效。虽然在两个农场中，灭螨停与活性化合物的长期接触对螨虫的杀灭效果达100%，但拜螨通对法国农场螨虫的杀灭效果仅为96.2%。在法国农场，即使仅4秒的短暂接触，灭螨停就能杀死100%的螨虫，而在德国农场仅能杀死84.5%。另一方面，当螨虫有机会从处理过的区域逃到未处理的区域时，拜螨通在德国农场仅杀死27.8%的螨虫，在法国农场仅杀死30%。当两种产品均仅使用半剂量时，灭螨停在德国农场长期接触后仍达到100%的活性，在法国为98.2%，而拜螨通在德国杀死93.8%的螨虫，在法国杀死90.6%。当然，与半剂量的短暂接触会降低两种产品的活性（灭螨停在法国为59.3%，在德国为22.1%；拜螨通在法国为28.8%，在德国为18.8%）。关于产品的熏蒸活性，鸡螨菌株反应不同。虽然灭螨停对德国螨虫表现出明显的熏蒸活性，但该产品通过空气传播对法国螨虫没有影响，拜螨通在两种情况下也没有影响。因此，螨虫必须与两种产品接触。显然，针对灭螨停不存在抗性，即使短暂接触后低剂量也具有高效，这种短暂接触在处理过的畜舍中经常发生，在此处螨虫有机会从处理过的地方转移到未处理的隐蔽处。
