Höglund J, Nordenfors H, Uggla A
Department of Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Poult Sci. 1995 Nov;74(11):1793-8. doi: 10.3382/ps.0741793.
This study was undertaken between May and December 1994 to investigate the prevalence of hematophagous mites in Sweden. A particular aim was to establish the relationship between occurrence of mites and certain types of production systems for egg layers. Initially a postal questionnaire study was performed. Some months later this was followed up by inspections, sampling, and interviews on farms. The only mite species found was the red poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Although this species was found to be present in cage batteries, deep-litter systems, and backyard flocks, it was less prevalent among birds housed in cages. About 4% of the cage systems were found to be affected both according to the results of the postal inquiry and from the field study. However, discrepancies in prevalence were found when comparing the results obtained with these two investigations regarding alternative, deep-litter systems and backyard flocks. According to the inquiry, 21% of the deep-litter flocks were afflicted whereas 33% were found to be afflicted in the field investigation. Among the backyard flocks, 19% were afflicted whereas as many as 67% of the flocks were found to be afflicted upon inspection. These discrepancies were probably due to the fact that the situation had actually changed in some farms during the study period, but possibly also to inherent methodological errors. Farmers were also interviewed with focus on methods of husbandry and control strategies. Most farmers answered that they were combatting the mites by cleaning the empty houses and using chemicals such as organophosphorous compounds, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroids. In several instances the problems were still not solved despite these curative or preventive measures. A control program for D. gallinae is suggested by regular screening and certification of the ectoparasite status of the birds before their transfer to production sites.
本研究于1994年5月至12月进行，旨在调查瑞典吸血螨的流行情况。一个特别目的是确定螨的出现与某些蛋鸡生产系统类型之间的关系。最初进行了一项邮寄问卷调查研究。几个月后，接着对农场进行检查、采样和访谈。发现的唯一螨种是红禽螨，即鸡皮刺螨。尽管发现该物种存在于层叠式笼养系统、厚垫料系统和后院鸡群中，但在笼养鸡中其流行程度较低。根据邮寄调查结果和实地研究，约4%的笼养系统被发现受到影响。然而，在比较这两项调查关于替代的厚垫料系统和后院鸡群的结果时，发现流行率存在差异。根据调查，21%的厚垫料鸡群受到感染，而在实地调查中发现33%的鸡群受到感染。在后院鸡群中，19%受到感染，而在检查时发现多达67%的鸡群受到感染。这些差异可能是由于在研究期间一些农场的实际情况发生了变化，但也可能是由于固有的方法学错误。还对农民进行了访谈，重点是饲养方法和控制策略。大多数农民回答说，他们通过清洁空鸡舍和使用有机磷化合物、氨基甲酸盐和合成拟除虫菊酯等化学品来防治螨虫。尽管采取了这些治疗或预防措施，但在一些情况下问题仍然没有得到解决。建议通过在鸡转移到生产场所之前定期筛查和认证其体外寄生虫状况，制定鸡皮刺螨的控制计划。
