Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2008 Nov;25(11):1353-64. doi: 10.1080/02652030802112601.
This study determined maize-user practices that influence the presence of fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination of maize in food consumed in the rural areas of Tanzania. Samples of the 2005 maize harvest in Tanzania were collected from 120 households and examined for fumonisins and aflatoxins. Information on whether the maize was sorted to remove defective (visibly damaged or mouldy) maize before storage and whether the damaged and mouldy maize or the non-dehulled maize was used as food was also collected. In addition, the percentage of defective kernels in the samples was determined. Ninety per cent of the households sorted out defective maize, 45% consumed the defective maize and 30% consumed non-dehulled maize. In 52% of the samples fumonisins were determined at levels up to 11,048 microg kg(-1) (median = 363 microg kg(-1)) and in 15% exceeded 1000 microg kg(-1); the maximum tolerable limit (MTL) for fumonisins in maize for human consumption in other countries. Aflatoxins were detected in 18% of the samples at levels up to 158 microg kg(-1) (median = 24 microg kg(-1)). Twelve per cent of the samples exceeded the Tanzanian limit for total aflatoxins (10 microg kg(-1)). Aflatoxins co-occurred with fumonisins in 10% of the samples. The percentage defective kernels (mean = 22%) correlated positively (r = 0.39) with the fumonisin levels. Tanzanians are at a risk of exposure to fumonisins and aflatoxins in maize. There is a need for further research on fumonisin and aflatoxin exposure in Tanzania to develop appropriate control strategies.
本研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚农村地区玉米食用中存在的伏马菌素和黄曲霉毒素污染的玉米使用者的做法。采集了 2005 年坦桑尼亚玉米收获期的 120 户家庭的样本，并对伏马菌素和黄曲霉毒素进行了检测。还收集了关于玉米在储存前是否经过筛选以去除有缺陷（明显受损或发霉）玉米以及受损和发霉的玉米或未去壳玉米是否用作食物的信息。此外，还确定了样本中缺陷玉米粒的百分比。90%的家庭对有缺陷的玉米进行了筛选，45%的家庭食用了有缺陷的玉米，30%的家庭食用了未去壳的玉米。在 52%的样本中，检测到伏马菌素含量高达 11048μg/kg（中位数=363μg/kg），15%的样本超过 1000μg/kg；这是其他国家人类食用玉米中伏马菌素的最大允许限量（MTL）。在 18%的样本中，检测到黄曲霉毒素含量高达 158μg/kg（中位数=24μg/kg）。12%的样本超过了坦桑尼亚规定的总黄曲霉毒素限量（10μg/kg）。在 10%的样本中，黄曲霉毒素与伏马菌素同时存在。缺陷玉米粒的百分比（平均值=22%）与伏马菌素水平呈正相关（r=0.39）。坦桑尼亚人面临着玉米中伏马菌素和黄曲霉毒素暴露的风险。需要进一步研究坦桑尼亚的伏马菌素和黄曲霉毒素暴露情况，以制定适当的控制策略。
