KAS Mycotoxins, Taplow, Maidenhead, UK.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009 Mar;26(3):363-71. doi: 10.1080/02652030802406219.
This study examined a total of 82 consignments of French and Argentinean raw maize as received at maize mills in the UK between 2004 and 2007. Samples were analysed for deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), other trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZON), and fumonisins B(1), B(2), and B(3) (FB(1), FB(2), and FB(3)) using fully validated analytical methods with limits of quantification of 10 microg kg(-1) for DON, NIV, and each fumonisin mycotoxin and 3 microg kg(-1) for ZON. All samples except two containing fumonisins met the European Commission statutory maximum permissible levels for DON, ZON, and FB(1) + FB(2) as operating in 2007. The maximum concentrations found for DON, NIV, ZON, and FB(1) + FB(2) were 444, 496, 165 and 5002 microg kg(-1), respectively. Fumonisins were detected in almost every sample with 65% of Argentinean maize containing more than 1000 microg kg(-1) of FB(1) + FB(2). In contrast, ZON was not detectable in almost 50% of consignments. During this period there was a distinct difference in mycotoxin concentrations between harvests and geographic origin. Flint maize from Argentina usually contained lower concentrations of DON and related trichothecenes and higher levels of fumonisins than maize from France, although concentrations of fumonisins up to 2000 microg kg(-1) or greater occurred in samples from both regions. The incidence and concentrations of fumonisins were similar to those in a similar previous survey, while zearalenone concentrations were lower. The distribution of mycotoxins in multi-hold ships was also investigated showing that fumonisins were much more evenly distributed than DON, thus indicating their general level in the ship as a whole. The effect of cleaning regimes was found to be very variable, especially for DON, ranging from no removal of mycotoxins to greater than 50% in some instances, but was not related to concentration. Evidence here suggests that while cleaning is essential for removing foreign bodies before milling, it cannot be used as a reliable tool for reducing mycotoxins.
本研究于 2004 年至 2007 年间在英国的玉米磨坊中对总共 82 批法国和阿根廷的原玉米进行了检测。使用完全验证的分析方法对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）、其他单端孢霉烯族化合物、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZON）以及伏马菌素 B(1)、B(2) 和 B(3)（FB(1)、FB(2) 和 FB(3)）进行了分析，定量限为 DON、NIV 和每种伏马菌素霉菌毒素为 10μgkg(-1)，ZON 为 3μgkg(-1)。除了含有伏马菌素的两个样品之外，所有其他样品均符合 2007 年欧洲委员会对 DON、ZON 和 FB(1) + FB(2) 的法定最大允许限量。发现 DON、NIV、ZON 和 FB(1) + FB(2) 的最大浓度分别为 444、496、165 和 5002μgkg(-1)。几乎每个样品中都检测到了伏马菌素，其中 65%的阿根廷玉米中 FB(1) + FB(2) 的含量超过 1000μgkg(-1)。相比之下，几乎有 50%的批次中未检测到 ZON。在此期间，收获时间和地理来源之间的霉菌毒素浓度存在明显差异。来自阿根廷的硬质玉米通常比来自法国的玉米含有较低浓度的 DON 和相关的单端孢霉烯族化合物，以及较高水平的伏马菌素，尽管来自两个地区的样品中均检测到高达 2000μgkg(-1)或更高浓度的伏马菌素。伏马菌素的发生率和浓度与之前的类似调查相似，而玉米赤霉烯酮的浓度较低。还研究了多舱船中霉菌毒素的分布情况，结果表明，伏马菌素的分布比 DON 更为均匀，这表明它们在整个船舶中的总体水平。结果表明，清洗效果差异很大，尤其是对于 DON，在某些情况下，清洗效果从完全去除霉菌毒素到去除超过 50%不等，但与浓度无关。这里的证据表明，虽然清洗对于在磨粉前去除异物是必不可少的，但它不能用作降低霉菌毒素的可靠工具。
