Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Universita di Napoli, Caserta, Italy.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2009 Jul;26(7):1049-62. doi: 10.1080/02652030902896194.
Two in vitro tests, one to detect bacterial mutagenicity (Ames test) on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, and TA1535 and the other the primary DNA damage (SOS Chromotest) on Escherichia coli PQ37, were applied to determine the overall genotoxic activity of 12 pesticides (azinphos methyl, chlorothalonil, chlorphyriphos ethyl, chlorphyriphos methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyprodinil, fenazaquin, fludioxonil, indoxacarb, iprodione and penconazol). These were detected by gas chromatography (GC) analysis with electron capture (ECD) and nitrogen phosphorus detection (NPD) in 18 samples of vegetables. Some extracts of vegetables, found positive for pesticides with GC, were subjected to the Ames test and SOS Chromotest to evaluate the possible antimutagenic and/or antigenotoxic effects of vegetable matrices. The same bioassays were also performed on the mixtures of pesticides found in these samples to evaluate whether interactions could occur between pesticides and be responsible for the possible antimutagenic and/or antigenotoxic effects of the contaminated matrices. Experiments were also carried out to compare the results found for contaminated vegetables with their content of antioxidant components. Significant differences in mutagenicity and genotoxicity were found among the pesticides selected for this study. Of the 12 pesticides tested, only azinphos methyl, cyprodinil, fludioxonil and iprodione were found to be positive for both S. typhimurium and E. coli. No mutagenic/genotoxic activity was found in the extracts of vegetables contaminated by pesticides. S. typhimurium TA1535 showed a strong positive mutagenic effect for the mixtures of pesticides while they were not able to induce the SOS system. The data concerning the content of polyphenols and the total reducing activity of the contaminated vegetables indicated high amounts of antioxidants that could explain the inhibitory effect on the activity of pesticides shown by vegetables.
两种体外测试方法，一种用于检测沙门氏菌 typhimurium TA98、TA100 和 TA1535 的细菌致突变性（Ames 测试），另一种用于检测大肠杆菌 PQ37 的原发性 DNA 损伤（SOS Chromotest），用于确定 12 种农药（甲基毒死蜱、百菌清、毒死蜱乙基、毒死蜱甲基、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、丙环唑、苯氧喹啉、氟啶胺、茚虫威、异菌脲和戊唑醇）的整体遗传毒性活性。这些农药通过气相色谱（GC）分析，用电子捕获（ECD）和氮磷检测（NPD）在 18 个蔬菜样本中进行检测。在 GC 检测到含有农药的蔬菜提取物中，进行了 Ames 测试和 SOS Chromotest，以评估蔬菜基质的可能抗突变和/或抗原毒性效应。同样的生物测定也在这些样本中发现的农药混合物上进行，以评估农药之间是否会发生相互作用，并对受污染基质的可能抗突变和/或抗原毒性效应负责。还进行了实验以比较受污染蔬菜的结果与其抗氧化成分的含量。在所研究的农药中，发现了显著的致突变性和遗传毒性差异。在所测试的 12 种农药中，只有甲基毒死蜱、丙环唑、氟啶胺和异菌脲对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌均呈阳性。受农药污染的蔬菜提取物中未发现致突变/遗传毒性活性。S. typhimurium TA1535 对农药混合物表现出强烈的正向致突变作用，而它们不能诱导 SOS 系统。受污染蔬菜中多酚含量和总还原活性的数据表明，抗氧化剂含量高，这可以解释蔬菜对农药活性的抑制作用。
