Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2009 Dec;24(12):676-85. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.06.006. Epub 2009 Aug 14.
Mimicry involves adaptive resemblance between a mimic and a model. However, despite much recent research, it remains contentious in plants. Here, we review recent progress on studying deception by flowers, distinguishing between plants relying on mimicry to achieve pollination and those relying on the exploitation of the perceptual biases of animals. We disclose fundamental differences between both mechanisms and explain why the evolution of exploitation is less constrained than that of mimicry. Exploitation of perceptual biases might thus be a precursor for the gradual evolution of mimicry. Increasing knowledge on the sensory and cognitive filters in animals, and on the selective pressures that maintain them, should aid researchers in tracing the evolutionary dynamics of deception in plants.
拟态涉及模仿者和模型之间的适应性相似性。然而，尽管最近进行了大量研究，但在植物中仍然存在争议。在这里，我们回顾了最近在研究花朵欺骗行为方面的进展，区分了依赖于拟态来实现授粉的植物和依赖于动物感知偏差的利用的植物。我们揭示了这两种机制之间的根本区别，并解释了为什么利用的进化比拟态的进化受到的限制更少。因此，对动物的感知和认知过滤器以及维持这些过滤器的选择压力的了解不断增加，应该有助于研究人员追踪植物欺骗行为的进化动态。
