Novaes Cristiane de Oliveira, Mattos Inês Echenique
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2009;25 Suppl 2:S310-20. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2009001400013.
This study analyzes the prevalence of non-utilization of mammography among older women, according to socio-demographic variables, health status, and use of preventive health services. This was a cross-sectional study including women 60 years or older. We interviewed 4,621 women 60 to 106 years of age; the majority were widows (51.8%) and had little or no schooling (53.8%). Most (89%) reported health problems, and 66.4% used private medical care. Prevalence of self-reported mammography was 72.1%. Gynecological visits (PR = 2.39; 95%CI: 2.04-2.80), Pap smear (PR = 3.24; 95%CI: 2.89-3.63), years of schooling (PR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.02-1.12), health care insurance (PR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.11-1.20), physician visits (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.11-1.37), age (PR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.08-1.17), marital status (PR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00-1.09), and barriers to health services (PR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.89-0.98) were also associated with non-utilization of mammography. These associations may be partially explained by lack of knowledge, poor access to public health services, and cultural factors related to the aging process and reproductive incapacity.
本研究根据社会人口学变量、健康状况和预防性健康服务的使用情况，分析老年女性未进行乳房X光检查的患病率。这是一项横断面研究，研究对象为60岁及以上的女性。我们采访了4621名年龄在60至106岁之间的女性；大多数为寡妇（51.8%），受教育程度很低或没有受过教育（53.8%）。大多数人（89%）报告有健康问题，66.4%的人使用私人医疗服务。自我报告的乳房X光检查患病率为72.1%。妇科就诊（PR = 2.39；95%CI：2.04 - 2.80）、巴氏涂片检查（PR = 3.24；95%CI：2.89 - 3.63）、受教育年限（PR = 1.07；95%CI：1.02 - 1.12）、医疗保险（PR = 1.16；95%CI：1.11 - 1.20）、看医生次数（PR = 1.23；95%CI：1.11 - 1.37）、年龄（PR = 1.12；95%CI：1.08 - 1.17）、婚姻状况（PR = 1.05；95%CI：1.00 - 1.09）以及获得医疗服务的障碍（PR = 0.94；95%CI：0.89 - 0.98）也与未进行乳房X光检查有关。这些关联可能部分归因于知识缺乏、获得公共卫生服务的机会有限以及与衰老过程和生殖能力丧失相关的文化因素。
