von See Constantin, Stuehmer Alexander, Gellrich Nils-Claudius, Blum Katrin S, Bormann Kai-Hendrik, Rücker Martin
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dentistry, Oral and Orthodontic Surgery, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Mil Med. 2009 Jul;174(7):757-61. doi: 10.7205/milmed-d-01-4908.
There are considerable differences in the shape and composition of military and civilian projectiles.
Five different projectiles with the same kinetic energy were fired into the heads of freshly sacrificed pigs (n=30) through the submental region in the occipital direction. Computed tomography (CT) and 3D face scans of the animal skulls were obtained before and after firing. The image data sets were fused and provided the basis for a quantitative analysis of destruction patterns.
As a result of the destruction of the parietal bone at the potential exit site, there were significant volume difference between the Action 4 (6.45 +/- 3.42 ml) and the Hydra-Shok projectile (12.71 +/- 2.86 ml). The partial metal-jacketed projectile showed a minor increase in volume (4.89 +/- 1.47 ml) and a partial loss of soft projectile components. Radiology showed differences between the various projectiles in fragmentation and bone and soft-tissue destruction.
Although the projectiles had the same kinetic energy, there were considerable differences in injury patterns between full metal-jacketed projectiles, which are the only projectiles permitted for military use under the Geneva Conventions, and the other investigated projectiles. These injuries present a major medical challenge to both first responders and surgeons.
军事和民用射弹在形状和成分上存在相当大的差异。
将五种具有相同动能的不同射弹从颏下区域朝枕部方向射入刚宰杀的猪的头部（n = 30）。在射击前后获取动物颅骨的计算机断层扫描（CT）和三维面部扫描图像。将图像数据集融合，为破坏模式的定量分析提供依据。
由于潜在出口部位顶骨的破坏，行动4型射弹（6.45±3.42毫升）与九头蛇冲击弹（12.71±2.86毫升）之间存在显著的体积差异。部分金属被甲弹的体积略有增加（4.89±1.47毫升），且软质弹体部件有部分损失。放射学显示不同射弹在碎片形成以及骨骼和软组织破坏方面存在差异。
尽管射弹具有相同的动能，但全金属被甲弹（根据《日内瓦公约》，这是唯一允许军事使用的射弹）与其他被研究射弹在损伤模式上存在相当大的差异。这些损伤给急救人员和外科医生带来了重大的医学挑战。
