Busey Thomas A, Arici Anne
Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1123-36. doi: 10.1037/a0016646.
The authors tested the role of individual items in recognition memory using a forced-choice paradigm with face stimuli. They constructed distractor stimuli using morphing procedures that were similar to two parent faces and then compared a studied morph against an unstudied morph that was similar to two studied parents. The similarity of the parent faces was carefully balanced so that the choosing rates for the studied and unstudied morphs were approximately equal. Despite being equally likely to choose the studied and the unstudied morph, participants were systematically more confident when choosing the studied morph. This result is incompatible with Gaussian signal detection theory, even with unequal variances for targets and distractors. The authors propose an extension of an extant sampling model, SimSample, which provides a qualitative and quantitative account of the confidence and recognition dissociation. The results suggest that observers make contact with individual items when making recognition judgments with faces and that the structure of the sampling and decision process naturally leads to this dissociation of confidence and recognition.
作者使用带有面部刺激的强制选择范式测试了各个项目在识别记忆中的作用。他们使用与两张亲本面孔相似的变形程序构建了干扰刺激，然后将一个研究过的变形与一个未研究过的、与两个研究过的亲本相似的变形进行比较。亲本面孔的相似度经过仔细平衡，以便研究过的和未研究过的变形的选择率大致相等。尽管选择研究过的和未研究过的变形的可能性相同，但参与者在选择研究过的变形时系统地更有信心。这一结果与高斯信号检测理论不相容，即使目标和干扰物的方差不相等。作者提出了现有采样模型SimSample的扩展，该模型对信心和识别分离提供了定性和定量的解释。结果表明，观察者在对面孔进行识别判断时会接触到各个项目，并且采样和决策过程的结构自然会导致这种信心和识别的分离。
