Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
Addiction. 2009 Sep;104(9):1558-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02656.x.
To investigate whether substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with verbal intellectual ability, psychomotor processing speed, verbal and visual working memory, executive function and verbal learning in young adults, and to study the associations of SUD characteristics with cognitive performance.
A population-based sample (n = 466) of young Finnish adults aged 21-35 years.
Diagnostic assessment was based on all available information from a structured psychiatric interview (SCID-I) and in- and out-patient medical records. Established neuropsychological tests were used in the cognitive assessment. Confounding factors included in the analyses were comorbid psychiatric disorders and risk factors for SUDs, representing behavioural and affective factors, parental factors, early initiation of substance use and education-related factors.
Adjusted for age and gender, life-time DSM-IV SUD was associated with poorer verbal intellectual ability, as measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) vocabulary subtest, and slower psychomotor processing, as measured with the WAIS-R digit symbol subtest. Poorer verbal intellectual ability was accounted for by parental and own low basic education, whereas the association with slower psychomotor processing remained after adjustment for SUD risk factors. Poorer verbal intellectual ability was related to substance abuse rather than dependence. Other SUD characteristics were not associated with cognition.
Poorer verbal intellectual ability and less efficient psychomotor processing are associated with life-time alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood. Poorer verbal intellectual ability seems to be related to parental and own low basic education, whereas slower psychomotor processing is associated with SUD independently of risk factors.
探讨物质使用障碍（SUD）是否与年轻成年人的言语智力能力、精神运动处理速度、言语和视觉工作记忆、执行功能和言语学习相关，并研究 SUD 特征与认知表现的关联。
一项基于人群的芬兰年轻成年人样本（n=466），年龄在 21-35 岁之间。
诊断评估基于来自结构化精神病访谈（SCID-I）和门诊和住院病历的所有可用信息。认知评估中使用了已建立的神经心理学测试。纳入分析的混杂因素包括共病精神障碍和 SUD 的风险因素，代表行为和情感因素、父母因素、物质使用的早期开始和与教育相关的因素。
在调整年龄和性别后，终生 DSM-IV SUD 与言语智力能力较差相关，这通过韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R）词汇子测验测量；与精神运动处理速度较慢相关，这通过 WAIS-R 数字符号子测验测量。言语智力能力较差归因于父母和自身基础教育水平较低，而与精神运动处理速度较慢的关联在调整 SUD 风险因素后仍然存在。言语智力能力较差与物质滥用而非依赖有关。其他 SUD 特征与认知无关。
在年轻成年人中，较差的言语智力能力和较低的精神运动处理效率与终生酒精和其他物质使用障碍相关。较差的言语智力能力似乎与父母和自身基础教育水平较低有关，而较慢的精神运动处理速度与 SUD 相关，独立于风险因素。
