Martín-Hernando M P, Torres M J, Aznar J, Negro J J, Gandía A, Gortázar C
IREC National Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
J Comp Pathol. 2010 Jan;142(1):43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.003. Epub 2009 Aug 19.
Wild deer have an important role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). The aims of this study were (1) to compare the pattern of lesions present in wild red (Cervus elaphus) and fallow (Dama dama) deer that were naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis, and (2) to use this information to develop a sampling strategy for the isolation of M. bovis from the lymphoid tissues of the head of these animals. Culture of head lymphoid tissues demonstrated that 28 of 95 red deer and 22 of 100 fallow deer sampled were infected with M. bovis. Approximately 30% of each deer population had no gross lesions. Fallow deer were significantly more likely to have thoracic lesions than red deer. Lesions were observed in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of 64% of the culture-positive red deer and 43% of the culture positive fallow deer. One third of the red deer, but none of the fallow deer, had well-encapsulated abscess lesions. There were no microscopical differences in the lesions in the lymph nodes of the red and fallow deer. Bacteriological culture from both the tonsil and retropharyngeal lymph nodes increased the rate of isolation of M. bovis by 22% over culture of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes alone in both species. These findings indicate that investigation of wild deer for bTB-compatible lesions should include examination of the medial retropharyngeal, left tracheobronchial, mediastinal, mesenteric and ileocaecal lymph nodes. Sampling for bacteriological culture from head lymphoid tissues should be from the tonsil and the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. These protocols may prove useful in bTB surveillance and control in regions where wild deer contribute to the circulation of M. bovis.
野生鹿在牛结核病（bTB）的流行病学中起着重要作用。本研究的目的是：（1）比较自然感染牛分枝杆菌的野生马鹿（Cervus elaphus）和黇鹿（Dama dama）的病变模式；（2）利用这些信息制定一种采样策略，以便从这些动物头部的淋巴组织中分离出牛分枝杆菌。头部淋巴组织培养显示，在采样的95只马鹿中有28只、100只黇鹿中有22只感染了牛分枝杆菌。每个鹿群中约30%没有明显病变。黇鹿比马鹿更易出现胸部病变。在培养阳性的马鹿中，64%的动物咽后淋巴结出现病变，培养阳性的黇鹿中这一比例为43%。三分之一的马鹿有包膜良好的脓肿病变，而黇鹿中则没有。马鹿和黇鹿淋巴结病变在显微镜下没有差异。对扁桃体和咽后淋巴结进行细菌培养，与仅对咽后淋巴结进行培养相比，两种鹿的牛分枝杆菌分离率均提高了22%。这些发现表明，对野生鹿进行bTB相关病变调查应包括检查咽后内侧、左气管支气管、纵隔、肠系膜和回盲部淋巴结。从头部淋巴组织进行细菌培养采样应取自扁桃体和咽后内侧淋巴结。在野生鹿促成牛分枝杆菌传播的地区，这些方案可能对bTB监测和控制有用。
