Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
Exp Neurol. 2010 May;223(1):5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.08.010. Epub 2009 Aug 19.
Neuronal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system requires mobilization of intrinsic neurite outgrowth mechanisms. This process depends on retrograde signaling between lesion site and soma to provide accurate and timely information on the nature and extent of axonal damage, and to elicit an appropriate cell body response. An early phase of electrophysiological signaling is followed by an ensemble of motor-driven signals, some of which are dependent on local protein translation in the axon and formation of an importins-coordinated retrograde complex. In addition to eliciting the cell body response, computational analyses suggest that this biphasic mechanism may provide information on the distance of the leson site from the neuronal cell body. Encouraging recent data suggest that it may be possible to apply this emerging understanding of retrograde signaling mechanisms to activate intrinsic regeneration mechanisms also in growth-refractory central neurons.
外周神经系统中的神经元再生需要调动内在的轴突生长机制。这个过程依赖于损伤部位和神经元体之间的逆行信号传递，以便为轴突损伤的性质和程度提供准确和及时的信息，并引发适当的神经元体反应。早期的电生理信号之后是一系列运动驱动的信号，其中一些信号依赖于轴突中的局部蛋白质翻译和形成进口蛋白协调的逆行复合物。除了引发神经元体反应外，计算分析表明，这种双相机制可能提供有关损伤部位与神经元体之间距离的信息。最近令人鼓舞的数据表明，有可能将这种逆行信号机制的新认识应用于激活生长抵抗性中枢神经元中的内在再生机制。
