Reichhold Stefanie, Neubauer Oliver, Bulmer Andrew C, Knasmüller Siegfried, Wagner Karl-Heinz
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Mutat Res. 2009 Jul-Aug;682(1):28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.02.002. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
It is commonly accepted that regular moderate intensity physical activity reduces the risk of developing many diseases. Counter intuitively, however, evidence also exists for oxidative stress resulting from acute and strenuous exercise. Enhanced formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may lead to oxidatively modified lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and possibly disease. Currently, only a few studies have investigated the influence of exercise on DNA stability and damage with conflicting results, small study groups and the use of different sample matrices or methods and result units. This is the first review to address the effect of exercise of various intensities and durations on DNA stability, focusing on human population studies. Furthermore, this article describes the principles and limitations of commonly used methods for the assessment of oxidatively modified DNA and DNA stability. This review is structured according to the type of exercise conducted (field or laboratory based) and the intensity performed (i.e. competitive ultra/endurance exercise or maximal tests until exhaustion). The findings presented here suggest that competitive ultra-endurance exercise (>4h) does not induce persistent DNA damage. However, when considering the effects of endurance exercise (<4h), no clear conclusions could be drawn. Laboratory studies have shown equivocal results (increased or no oxidative stress) after endurance or exhaustive exercise. To clarify which components of exercise participation (i.e. duration, intensity and training status of subjects) have an impact on DNA stability and damage, additional carefully designed studies combining the measurement of DNA damage, gene expression and DNA repair mechanisms before, during and after exercise of differing intensities and durations are required.
人们普遍认为，定期进行中等强度的体育活动可降低患多种疾病的风险。然而，与直觉相反的是，也有证据表明急性剧烈运动会导致氧化应激。活性氧和氮物种的形成增加可能会导致脂质、蛋白质和核酸发生氧化修饰，并可能引发疾病。目前，只有少数研究调查了运动对DNA稳定性和损伤的影响，这些研究结果相互矛盾，研究小组规模较小，且使用了不同的样本基质、方法和结果单位。这是第一篇关注不同强度和持续时间的运动对DNA稳定性影响的综述，重点是人群研究。此外，本文还描述了评估氧化修饰DNA和DNA稳定性常用方法的原理和局限性。这篇综述根据所进行运动的类型（基于实地或实验室）和执行强度（即竞技超耐力运动或直至 exhaustion 的最大测试）进行结构安排。此处呈现的研究结果表明，竞技超耐力运动（>4小时）不会导致持续性DNA损伤。然而，在考虑耐力运动（<4小时）的影响时，无法得出明确结论。实验室研究表明，耐力运动或力竭运动后结果不明确（氧化应激增加或无氧化应激）。为了阐明运动参与的哪些组成部分（即受试者的持续时间、强度和训练状态）对DNA稳定性和损伤有影响，需要进行额外的精心设计的研究，结合测量不同强度和持续时间运动前、运动中和运动后的DNA损伤、基因表达和DNA修复机制。
